Abstract
Quantum operations, are completely positive (CP) and trace preserving (TP) maps on quantum states, and can be represented by operator-sum or Kraus representations. In this paper, we calculate operator-sum representation and master equation of one-qubit open quantum system in layered environment which is a generalized spin star model. The Nakajima-Zwanzig and time-convolutionless projection operators technique are applied for deriving the master equations. Finally, a simple example will be studied to consider the relation between completely positive maps and initial quantum correlation and show that vanishing quantum discord is not necessary for CP maps.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Keyl, M., Werner, R.F.: How to correct small quantum errors. In: Lecture Notes in Physics, vol. 611. Springer (2002)
Gyongyosi, L., Imre, S.: Properties of the Quantum Channel. eprint: quant-ph/arXiv:1208.1270v5 (2012)
Devetak, I., Shor, P.W.: The capacity of a quantum channel for simultaneous transmission of classical and quantum information. Commun. Math. Phys. 256 (2004)
Shor, P.W.: Equivalence of additivity questions in quantum information theory. Commun. Math. Phys. 246 (2004)
Vasile, R., Maniscalco, S., Paris, M. G. A., Breuer, H.-P., Piilo, J.: Quantifying non-Markovianity of continuous-variable Gaussian dynamical maps. Phys. Rev. A 84, 052118 (2011)
Breuer, H.-P., et al.: Measure for the degree of non-Markovian behavior of quantum processes in open systems. Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 210401 (2009)
Breuer, H., Petruccione, F.: The Theory of Open Quantum Systems. Oxford University Press (2007)
Carmichael, H.: An open systems approach to quantum optics. In: Lecture Notes in Physics, vol. 18. Springer, Berlin (1993)
Slichter, C.: Principles of magnetic resonance. In: Springer Series in Solid-State Sciences, vol. 1. Springer, Berlin (1996)
Alicki, R., Lidar, D.A., Zanardi, P.: Internal consistency of fault-tolerant quantum error correction in light of rigorous derivations of the quantum Markovian limit. Phys. Rev. A 73, 052311 (2006)
Weiss, U.: Quantum Dissipative Systems. World Scientific, Singapore (1993)
Stelmachovic, P., Buzek, V.: Dynamics of open quantum systems initially entangled with environment: beyond the Kraus representation. Phys. Rev. A 64, 062106 (2001)
Hayashi, H., Kimura, G., Ota, Y.: Kraus representation in the presence of initial correlations.Phys. Rev. A 67, 062109 (2003)
Tong, D.M., Chen, J.-L., Kwek, L.C., Oh, C.H.: Kraus representation for the density operator of a qubit. Laser Phys. 16(11), 1512–1516 (2006)
Arshed, N., Toor, A.H., Lidar, D.A.: Channel capacities of an exactly solvable spin-star system.Phys. Rev. A 81, 062353 (2010)
Romero, K.M.F., Franco, R.L.: Simple Non-Markovian Microscopic Models fo Quantum Information. Cambridge University Press (2000)
Nielsen, M.A., Chuang, I.L.: Quantum Computation and Quantum Information. Cambridge University Press (2000)
Kraus, K.: States, Effects and Operations. Springer, Berlin (1983)
Davies, E.B.: Quantum Theory of Open Systems. Academic, London (1976)
Preskill, J.: Lecture Notes: Information for Physics 219/Computer Science 219, Quantum Computation. www.theory.caltech.edu/people/preskill/ph229.5. Accessed 3–6 Oct 2006–2007
Kraus, K.: General state changes in quantum theory. Ann. Phys. 64(2), 311–335 (1971)
Choi, M.: Completely positive linear maps on complex matrices. Linear Algebra Appl. 10, 285–290 (1975)
Bouda, J., Buzek, V.: Purification and correlated measurements of bipartite mixed states. Phys. Rev. A 65, 034304 (2003)
Mahdian, M., Mehrabpour, H.: Exact dynamics of one-qubit system in layered environment. eprint: quant-ph/arXiv:1304.5917 (2013)
Andersson, E., Cresser, J.D., Hall, M.J.W.: Finding the Kraus decomposition from a master equation and vice versa. J. Mod. Opt. 54, 1695 (2007)
Choi, M.-D.: Completely positive maps on complex matrices. Lin. Alg. Appl. 10, 285 (1975)
Nakajima, S.: On quantum theory of transport phenomena steady diffusion. Phys. Theor. Prog. 20, 948 (1958)
Zwanzig, R.: Ensemble method in the theory of irreversibility. J. Chem. Phys. 33, 1338 (1960)
Zwanzig, R.: Memory effects in irreversible thermodynamics. Phys. Rev. 124, 983 (1961)
Shibata, F., Takahashi, Y., Hashitsume, N.: A generalized stochastic liouville equation. Non-Markovian versus memoryless master equations. J. Stat. Phys. 17(4), 171–187 (1977)
Smirne, A., Vacchini, B.: Nakajima-Zwanzig versus time-convolutionless master equation for the non-Markovian dynamics of a two-level system. Phys. Rev. A 82, 022110 (2010)
Grabert, H.: Projection operator techniques in nonequilibrium statistical mechanics. In: Springer Tracts in Modern Physics, Band 95 (1982)
Prigogine, I.: Non-Equilibrium StatisticalMechanics. Interscience Publishers, New York (1962)
Kühne, R., Reineker, P.: Zeitschrift für Physik B Condensed Matter. Springer (1978)
Haken, H.: Laser theory. In: Flügge, S. (ed.) Encyclopedia of Physics XXV/2c. Springer, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York (1970)
Haken, H.: Cooperative phenomena in systems far from thermal equilibrium and in nonphysical systems. Rev. Mod. Phys. 47, 67 (1975)
Agarwal, G.S.: Master equation methods in quantum optics. In: Wolf, E. (ed.) Progress in Optics XI. North-Holland Publishing Company, Amsterdam-London (1973)
Haake, F.: Statistical treatment of open systems by generalized master equations. Springer, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York (1973)
Caves, C. M.: Quantum error correction and reversible operations. J. Supercond. 12(6), 707 (1999)
Ollivier, H., Zurek, W.H.: Quantum discord: a measure of the quantumness of correlations. Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 017901 (2001)
Rodrigues-Rosario, C.A., Modi, K., Kuah, A., Shaji, A., Sudarshan, E.C.G.: Completely positive maps and classical correlations. J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 41, 205301 (2008)
Shabani, A., Lidar, D.: Vanishing quantum discord is necessary and sufficient for completely positive maps. Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 100402 (2009)
Brodutch, A., Datta, A., Modi, K., Rivas, A., Rodriguez-Rosario, C.A.: Vanishing quantum discord is not necessary for completely positive maps. Phys. Rev. A 87, 042301 (2013)
Luo, S.: Quantum discord for two-qubit systems. Phys. Rev. A 77, 042303 (2008)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Mahdian, M., Mehrabpour, H. Nakajima-Zwanzig and Time-Convolutionless Master Equations for a One-Qubit System in a Non-Markovian Layered Environment. Int J Theor Phys 53, 2785–2795 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10773-014-2075-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10773-014-2075-z