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Thermophysical Properties of Bentonite–Sand/Fly Ash-Based Backfill Materials for Underground Power Cable

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Abstract

The surrounding (backfill) materials around the underground power cable systems are essential for dissipating the heat away from it, during the exertion phases. The heat dissipation restrains the thermal instability and risk of progressive drying of the backfill materials, thus reducing the thermal stress on the power cable. Thermal instability indicates the reduction in thermal properties (conductivity or diffusivity) due to the migration of moisture because of heat accumulation. Thus, the backfill materials should have adequate thermal properties and water retention capacity to transfer the heat from the heat source to the surrounding area with minimal moisture migration. The bentonite has high water retention capacity, but low thermal conductivity, whereas sand/fly ash exhibits low water retention and has higher thermal conductivity than bentonite. The addition of bentonite promotes the water holding capacity and thermophysical properties of sand and fly ash. Therefore, this study presents the thermal properties of backfill materials, bentonite–fly ash (B–F) and bentonite–sand (B–S), at varying weight-percent of sand and fly ash with bentonite. Various compositions of the mixtures were compacted to varying dry densities, and water contents and thermal properties variation of backfill materials were measured using a dual thermal needle probe ‘KD2 Pro’ at room temperature. The study deals with the systematic evaluation of the volumetric specific heat capacity, thermal conductivity, and diffusivity of backfill materials against varying dry density and water content. The threshold water content (TWC) has been determined from the thermal diffusivity–water content variation curve, and it has correlated with plastic limit (PL) and optimum moisture content (OMC). Thereafter, the efficacies of two thermal conductivity prediction models have also been evaluated statistically with respect to experimental results.

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Data Availability

The data of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

Abbreviations

λ :

Thermal conductivity

C v :

Volumetric specific heat capacity

D :

Thermal diffusivity

w :

Water content

γ d :

Dry density

S r :

Degree of saturation

f s :

Sand content

B:

Bentonite

F:

Fly ash

S:

Sand

λ n :

Kertsen’s number

λ dry :

Dry thermal conductivity

λ sat :

Saturated thermal conductivity

q :

Quartz content

κ :

Fitting parameters for Cote and Konrad (2005) thermal conductivity model

e :

Void ratio

n :

Porosity

θ :

Volumetric water content

λ m :

Measured thermal conductivity

λ p :

Predicted thermal conductivity

RMSE:

Root-mean-square error

MAE:

Mean absolute error

R 2 :

Coefficient of regression

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Acknowledgements

The authors are very thankful to Prof. Sreedeep S., Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, and Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, for providing the facilities to conduct the experiments and their kind support during this study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology (NIT) Patna, Patna, India

    Pawan Kishor Sah & Shiv Shankar Kumar

  2. Department of Civil Engineering, Bhagalpur College of Engineering Bhagalpur, Bhagalpur, India

    Pawan Kishor Sah

  3. Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India

    S. Sreedeep

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  1. Pawan Kishor Sah
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  3. S. Sreedeep
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Contributions

PKS contributed to conceptualization, methodology, laboratory work, writing—original draft preparation; SSK contributed to conceptualization, formal analysis, writing—review and editing, and supervision; SS contributed to conceptualization, formal analysis, review and editing.

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Correspondence to Pawan Kishor Sah.

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Sah, P.K., Kumar, S.S. & Sreedeep, S. Thermophysical Properties of Bentonite–Sand/Fly Ash-Based Backfill Materials for Underground Power Cable. Int J Thermophys 44, 57 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10765-023-03163-9

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