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Experimental and Numerical Investigations on Exergy and Second Law Efficiency of Shell and Helical Coil Heat Exchanger Using Carboxymethyl Cellulose Based Non-Newtonian Nanofluids

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Abstract

The main goal of this paper is to study the second law characteristics of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-based non-Newtonian nanofluids with different nanoparticles of aluminum oxide (Al2O3), copper oxide (CuO), and titanium oxide (TiO2) through a helical coil heat exchanger. The present investigation has been carried out for the volume flow rate of non-Newtonian nanofluids ranges from 1 (L⋅min) to 10 (L⋅min). In this study, the effect of nanoparticles, nanoparticle volume fraction, and inlet temperature of hot fluid exergy loss, second law efficiency, and heat transfer effectiveness are investigated. It is observed that on increasing the volume flow rate of nanofluids the exergy losses increase for all the nanofluids. Moreover, with the increase in particle volume fraction from 0.01% to 0.04%, the exergy loss reduced by 33%, 30%, and 14% for CuO, Al2O3, and TiO2 nanofluids, respectively, as compared to base fluid, while the exergy loss increases as the inlet temperature of hot fluid increases. Also, the maximum value for second law efficiency is found to be 67% for base fluid, whereas the second law efficiency has been achieved to 71%, 74%, and 77% for TiO2, Al2O3, and CuO non-Newtonian nanofluids, respectively. Therefore, it is concluded from the present study that the use of non-Newtonian nanofluids in helical coil heat exchanger reduces the exergy loss and improves the second law efficiency.

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Abbreviations

Re:

Reynolds number

Rem :

Modified Reynolds number

Q :

Heat transfer (W)

De:

Dean number

Dem :

Modified Dean number

q”:

Heat flux (W·m−2)

Pr:

Prandtl number

Prm :

Modified Prandtl number

E:

Exergy loss (W)

S:

Entropy (kJ·kg·K−1)

d:

Coil diameter (m)

D:

Diameter, (m)

T:

Temperature, (K)

k :

Thermal conductivity, (W·m·K−1

Al2O3 :

Aluminum oxide

CuO:

Copper oxide

TiO2 :

Titanium oxide

ηII :

Second law efficiency

L:

Length

Nu :

Nusselt number

h:

Heat transfer coefficient (W·m−2·K−1)

f c :

Friction factor

n :

Flow behavior index

K :

Consistency index

u :

Velocity (m·s·−1)

\(\dot{m}\) :

Mass flow rate (kg·s−1)

As :

Surface area (m2)

Cp :

Specific heat (kJ·kg·K−1

g:

Acceleration due to gravity (m·s−2)

p:

Pitch of coil

\(\rho\) :

Density of fluid, (kg·m3)

ϕ :

Nanoparticle volume concentration

τ :

Shear stress

μ :

Dynamic viscosity, (Pa·s−1)

\(\dot{\gamma }\) :

Shear rate

δ:

Curvature ratio, \(\left(\frac{{d}_{i}}{{D}_{c}}\right)\)

ψ:

Stream exergy

ε:

Effectiveness

c:

Coil

sh:

Shell

bf:

Base fluid

nf:

Nanofluid

np:

Nanoparticle

i:

Inlet

o:

Outlet

e:

Ambient

w:

Wall

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  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Uttarakhand, Srinagar (Garhwal), 246174, India

    Prabhakar Zainith & Niraj Kumar Mishra

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  1. Prabhakar Zainith
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Zainith, P., Mishra, N.K. Experimental and Numerical Investigations on Exergy and Second Law Efficiency of Shell and Helical Coil Heat Exchanger Using Carboxymethyl Cellulose Based Non-Newtonian Nanofluids. Int J Thermophys 43, 3 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10765-021-02929-3

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