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Experimental study on hydrothermal characteristics of shell and tube heat exchanger using phase change material-based hybrid nanofluid

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Abstract

The shell-and-tube heat exchanger (STHX) is probably the most ubiquitous form of heat exchanger in many industrial settings. In the current investigation, various nanofluids (Al2O3, PCM, CNT, Al2O3+PCM, and Al2O3+CNT) at volume concentrations of 0.01% and 0.1% were used to test the hydrothermal performance in a STHX. This study aimed to investigate the influence of the Nusselt number and friction factor on the Reynolds number and the hydrothermal performance of STHX at various volume fractions. The execution of an experimental investigation accomplished this. The findings demonstrated that the pressure drop and heat transfer coefficient depend on the nanofluid's flow rate, that it is superior to DI water and improves with volume. The hi/∆p value rises for Al2O3 due to pressure drop impacting heat transmission, but it falls for phase change material (PCM) and Al2O3+PCM nanofluids. The hybrid nanofluid Al2O3+CNT flowing at 10lpm in the tube has a 15.60% greater friction factor and an average Nusselt number of 38.08% compared to the base fluid. The heat transfer coefficient, Nusselt number, pressure drop, and friction factor for Al2O3+PCM at 8.33lpm increase by 9.18%, 8.91%, 36.84%, and 5.98%, respectively, with an increase in volume concentration from 0.01 to 0.1%. Nanofluids that are either mono- or hybrid and contain PCM dispersion have a better heat transfer coefficient at low flow rates. The pressure loss increases with increasing flow rate because PCM particles raise dynamic viscosity.

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Abbreviations

cp :

Specific heat

D:

Diameter

f :

Friction factor

h:

Heat transfer coefficient

L:

Latent heat

N:

No of tubes

Nu:

Nusselt number

Pr:

Prandlt number

Q:

Heat transfer rate

Re:

Reynold number

T:

Temperature

U:

Mean velocity

U:

Overall heat transfer coefficient

V:

Volumetric flow rate

\(\gamma\) :

Pressure loss coefficient

µ:

Dynamic viscosity

ρ:

Density

φ :

Volume fraction of nanoparticles

k:

Thermal conductivity

\(\Delta p\) :

Pressure drop

avg :

Average

CNT:

Carbon nano tube

in :

Inlet

m :

Mean

nf :

Nanofluid

out :

Outlet

PCM:

Phase change material

STHX:

Shell and tube heat exchanger

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, IIT (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, India

    Rashmi Rekha Sahoo & Jahar Sarkar

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  1. Rashmi Rekha Sahoo
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Sahoo, R.R., Sarkar, J. Experimental study on hydrothermal characteristics of shell and tube heat exchanger using phase change material-based hybrid nanofluid. Heat Mass Transfer 60, 519–533 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00231-024-03448-1

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