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Thermal Conductivity Enhancement via Synthesis Produces a New Hybrid Mixture Composed of Copper Oxide and Multi-walled Carbon Nanotube Dispersed in Water: Experimental Characterization and Artificial Neural Network Modeling

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Abstract

Nanofluid is a solid–fluid mixture. By using one solid nanoparticle or one fluid, mono-nanofluid (MN) forms, and by using two solid nanoparticles (NPs) or two fluids, hybrid-nanofluid (HN) forms. For this study, for MN, copper oxide (CuO) and for HN, two solids, which are CuO and multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) were dispersed in base fluid which is water. After nanofluid preparation, thermal conductivity was measured, and the achievements were numerically modeled. After that, XRD–EDX were performed for the phase-structural analysis. Then, FESEM was examined for NPs-microstructural study. Thermal conductivity (TC) of MN and HN were investigated at 0.2 % to 1.0 % volume fractions (Vf) in 25 °C to 50 °C temperature (T) ranges. Thermal conductivity enhancements of 19.16 % and 37.05 % were seen at the utmost Vf and T for mono-nanofluid and hybrid-nanofluid, respectively. New correlations have been presented with R2 = 0.9, and also Artificial Neural Network (ANN) has been done with R2 = 0.999. For the presented correlation, 0.86 %, and 0.51 % deviations, and for the trained model, 0.41 % and 0.51 % deviations were estimated for mono-nanofluid and hybrid-nanofluid, respectively. As a final result, by adding MWCNT to CuO–H2O mixture, thermal conductivity is raised by 17.89 %, and the hybrid-nanofluid has acceptable heat-transfer capability.

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Availability of Data

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

Abbreviations

XRD:

X-ray diffraction analysis

EDX:

Energy dispersive X-ray analysis

FESEM:

Field emission scanning electron microscope

Vf:

Volume fraction

MN:

Mono-nanofluid

HN:

Hybrid-nanofluid

TC:

Thermal conductivity

TCR:

Thermal conductivity ratio

TCE:

Thermal conductivity enhancement

CMC:

Carboxyl methyl cellulose

CuO:

Copper oxide

MWCNT:

Multi-walled carbon nanotube

bf:

Base fluid

nf:

Nanofluid

Exp:

Experimental

pred:

Predicted

NPs:

Nanoparticles

r:

Ratio

k:

Thermal conductivity

φ:

Volume fraction

T:

Temperature

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Acknowledgements

This research is partially supported by Australian Research Council (No. DE190100931).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam

    Aliakbar Karimipour

  2. Department of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran

    Omid Malekahmadi

  3. Sustainable Management of Natural Resources and Environment Research Group, Faculty of Environment and Labour Safety, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

    Arash Karimipour

  4. Young Researchers and Elite Club, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran

    Mohamad Shahgholi

  5. School of Mechanical, Materials, Mechatronic and Biomedical Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia

    Zhixiong Li

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  1. Aliakbar Karimipour
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Karimipour, A., Malekahmadi, O., Karimipour, A. et al. Thermal Conductivity Enhancement via Synthesis Produces a New Hybrid Mixture Composed of Copper Oxide and Multi-walled Carbon Nanotube Dispersed in Water: Experimental Characterization and Artificial Neural Network Modeling. Int J Thermophys 41, 116 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10765-020-02702-y

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