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Lattice Boltzmann Simulations for Melting and Resolidification of Ultrashort Laser Interaction with Thin Gold Film

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Abstract

The interaction between the laser and material is commonly described by the macroscale method, two-temperature model (TTM), and the microscale method, molecular dynamics. In the present paper, the melting and resolidification of ultrashort laser interaction with thin gold film is investigated in terms of a meso-scale method. The lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) including the electron–phonon collision term is established. A fixed grid approach is applied in the phonon subsystem to describe the phase change. The transition zone between solid and liquid is treated as the porous medium. The results predicted by the LBM coincide with the experiment data quite well. In addition, the detailed comparisons between the TTM with interfacial tracking method and the LBM are conducted. The influences of the laser fluences and pulse widths on the transition phase are also investigated.

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Abbreviations

a :

Thermal diffusion coefficient (m2·s−1)

C :

Heat capacity (J·m−3·K−1)

F :

External force (N)

F l :

Liquid fraction

G :

Electron–lattice coupling factor (W·m−3·K−1)

h m :

Latent heat of melting (J·kg−1)

J :

Heat source fluence of laser (J·m−2)

k :

Electron wave vector (m−1)

k B :

Boltzmann constant (J·K−1)

L :

Thickness of gold film (m)

M k, k′ :

Electron–phonon matrix element

m :

Mass (kg)

N :

Number density of atom (m−3)

q :

Phonon wave vector (m−1)

R :

Reflectivity of gold film

R g :

Gas constant for gold (J·kg−1·K−1)

S :

Heat source of unit volume (W·m−3)

s :

Interfacial location (m)

T :

Temperature (K)

T l,I :

Interfacial temperature for lattices (K)

t :

Time (s)

t p :

Full width at half maximum (FWHM) pulse width (s)

U :

Potential energy coefficient

V :

Phase space

v :

Velocity (m·s−1)

w :

Weighting factor

x :

Coordinate (m)

δ :

Optical penetration depth (m)

δ b :

Ballistic range (m)

Δl :

Length of the transition zone (m)

ɛ :

Energy (J)

λ :

Thermal conductivity (W·m−1·K−1)

ℏ:

Planck constant (J·s)

ξ :

Radius of phase transition zone (K)

ρ :

Density (kg·m−3)

Γ :

Relaxation time for the collision between different particles (s)

τ :

Relaxation time for the collision in the homogeneous particles (s)

ω :

Frequency (s−1)

Ω:

Collision term

D:

Debye

e:

Electron

eq:

Thermal equilibrium state

F:

Fermi

i:

Initial

I:

Interfacial

l:

Lattice

ph:

Phonon

s:

Sound

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Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support from the Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 51476102.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Energy and Power Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China

    Ling Li, Mingyang Wu & Ling Zhou

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  1. Ling Li
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Correspondence to Ling Li.

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Li, L., Wu, M. & Zhou, L. Lattice Boltzmann Simulations for Melting and Resolidification of Ultrashort Laser Interaction with Thin Gold Film. Int J Thermophys 39, 88 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10765-018-2409-9

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