Skip to main content
Log in

Progress in far-infrared spectroscopy: Approximately 1890 to 1970

  • Invited Review Article
  • Published:
Journal of Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The history of far-infrared spectroscopy from its beginning to around 1970 is reviewed. Before World War II, the size of the community investigating this topic was limited. During this period, in particular before 1925, about 90% of the papers were published by H. Rubens and his co-workers in Germany. One or two researchers from the US joined the Rubens group per year from 1890 to the beginning of 1910. During the next year or two, some researchers joined M. Czerny, who is seen as the successor of Rubens. After World War II, far-infrared techniques progressed further in the US, which did not suffer damage during the war. The advanced techniques of far-infrared grating spectroscopy were transferred from the US (R. A. Oetjen) to Japan (H. Yoshinaga). Yoshinaga and his co-workers expanded the techniques by themselves. This paper describes the historical development of far-infrared spectroscopy before Fourier transform spectroscopy became popular around 1970.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Photo 1

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. R. D. Hudson, Jr.: Infrared System Engineering (Wiley-Interscience, 1969). Refered to old history

  2. G. Laski: “Ultrarotforschung,” Ergeb. Exakt. Naturwiss. 3, 86−115 (1924).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. E. D. Palik: “A far infrared bibliography,” in K. D. Möller and W. R. Rothschild, Far Infrared Spectroscopy (Wiley-Interscience, 1971), Appendix VII, 679−759. In the article, Palik presents a chronological list of 1512 papers related to FIR Spectroscopy published between 1892 and 1969.

  4. Geiger-Scheel (Eds.): Handbuch der Physik 19 (1928), Kap. 26, Besondere Methoden der Spektroskopie. a) G. Laski: “Spezielle Messmethodik im Ultrarot,”802. Detailed description of IR spectroscopy in Rubens era b) Th. Dreisch: “Messung der Energieverteilung im Spektrum und der Gesamtenergie,” 829 Detailed description of detectors

  5. C. Schaefer and F. Matossi: Das Ultrarotspektrum (Springer, Berlin ,1930). At the same time, the following two books were published: J. Lecomte: Le Spectre Infrarouge (les Presses Univers, Taives de France, Paris 1928). Lecomte was a key researcher in IR studies after World War II. A. Hadni was his successor. F. I. G. Rawlins and A. M. Tayler: Infrared Analysis of Molecular Structure Cambridge Univ. Press (1929).

  6. M. Czerny and H. Röder: “Fortschritte auf dem Gebiete der Ultrarottechnik,” Ergeb. Exakt. Naturwiss. 17 70−107 (1938). Progress on IR technology in the 1930s is complihensively written

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. H. M. Randall: “Infrared spectroscopy at the University of Michigan,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. 44, 97−103 (1954).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. F. Matossi: “Ergebnisse der Ultrarotforschung,” Ergeb. Exakt. Naturwiss. 17, 109−163 (1938). Review of spectroscopic measurements of molecules, solids, and liquid in the IR region

    Google Scholar 

  9. F. F. Bentley et al.: “Analytical Applications of Far Infrared Spectra. I. Historical Review, Apparatus, and Techniques,” Spectrochim. Acta 13, 1−30 (1958).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. E. Burstein, E. E. Bell, J. W. Davisson, and M. Lax: “Optical Investigations of Impurity Levels in Silicon,” J. Phys. Chem. 57, 849 (1953).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. H. Yoshinaga, A. Mitsuishi, and Y. Yamada: “Far infrared spectroscopy,” Theory and Application of Infrared Absorption Spectra, Vol. 11, 1−66 (Nanko-do, 1960).

    Google Scholar 

  12. C. Y. Liang, S. Krimm, and C. B. B. M. Sutherland: “Infrared Spectra of High Polymers. 1. Experimental Methods and General Theory,” J. Chem. Phys. 25, 543 (1955).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. R. A. Oetjen , W. H. Haynie, W. M. Ward, R. C. Hansler, H. E. Schauwecker and E. E. Bell: “An Infrared Spectrograph for Use in the 40 −150 Micron Spectral Region” J. Opt. Soc. Am. 42, 559 (1952).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. L. Genzel and W. Eckhardt: “Spektraluntersuchungen im Gebiet um 1 mm Wellenlänge.I. Konstruktion des Spektrometers und dessen Grundspektren,” Z. Phys. 139, 578 (1954).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. L. Genzel, H. Happ, and R. Weber: “Ein Gitterspektrometer für den Bereich des Fernen Ultrarot und der Mikrowellen,” Ann. Physik. 154, 1 (1959).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. T. Sakurai: “Variable Depth Echelette Gratings,” Sci.Rept.Tohoku Univ. 11, 352 (1959).

    Google Scholar 

  17. S. Takahashi: “Distribution of the Radiation Diffracted by the Variable Depth Echelette Gratings,” Sci. Rept. Tohoku Univ. 12, 80 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  18. T. Sakurai and S. Takahashi: “Far Infrared Spectrometer with a Variable Depth Grating,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. Suppl. I, 4, 358 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  19. R. Meier: “Untersuchungen im Gebiet der Zehntelmillimeter-Wellen,” Ann. Phys. 12, 26 (1953).

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  20. A. Hadni: “Instrumentation in the Far Infrared. Application to Molecular and Solid State Physics,” Spectrochim. Acta 19, 793 (1963).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. A. Mitsuishi: “Progress and the present state of utilization of infrared radiation in analysis,” J. Jpn. Soc. Infrared Sci. Technol. 5, 2 (1995).

    Google Scholar 

  22. M. Tinkham: “Spectroscopy of Solids in the Far-Infrared,” Science 145, 240 (1964).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. H. Yoshinaga and Y. Yamada: “Construction of a Far Infra-Red Spectrometer with Echelette Grating,” Sci. Light (Japan), 2, 18 (1952), ibid. J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 7, 223 (1952).

  24. H. Yoshinaga, S. Fujita, S. Minami, A. Mitsuishi, R. A. Oetjen, and Y. Yamada: “Far Infrared Spectrograph for Use from the Prism Spectral Region to about 1 mm Wavelength,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. 48, 315 (1958).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. H. Yoshinaga and R. A. Oetjen: “Sampling Technique for Transmission Measurements in the Far Infrared Region,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. 45, 1085 (1955).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Y. Yamada, A. Mitsuishi, and H. Yoshinaga: “Transmission Filters in the Far-Infrared Region,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. 52, 17 (1962).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. K. F. Renk and L. Genzel: “Interference Filters and Fabry−Perot Interferometer for the Far Infrared,” Appl. Opt. 1, 643 (1962).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. A. Mitsuishi, Y. Otsuka, S. Fujita, and H. Yoshinaga: “Metal Mesh Filters in the Far Infrared Region,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 2, 574 (1963).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. G. R. Wilkinson and D. H. Martin: Chap. 3, “Grating spectroscopy” in D. H. Martin, Ed., Spectroscopic Techniques for Far Infra-red, Submillimeter and Millimeter Waves (North-Holland Pub.Co., 1967).

  30. A. Mitsuishi, Y. Yamada, S. Fujita, and H. Yoshinaga: “Polarizer for the Far Infrared Region” J. Opt. Soc. Am. 50, 433 (1960).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. A. Mitsuishi, H. Yoshinaga, K. Yata, and A. Manabe: “Optical Measurement of several Materials in the Far Infrared Region,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 4, Suppl. 1, 581 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  32. A. Mitsuishi: “Far infrared spectra of ionic crystals and semiconductors,” J. Spectrosc. Soc. Jpn. 14, 41−55 (1965), 14, 87−104 (1965).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. A. Mitsuishi: “Infrared vibrational spectra of ionic crystals and semiconductors,” BUTSURI, 19, 562−575 (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  34. A. Mitsuishi, Y. Yamada, and H. Yoshinaga: “Reflection Measurements on Reststrahlen Crystals in the Far-Infrared Region,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. 52, 14 (1962).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. G. Schaefer: “Das Ultrarot Spektrum des U-Zentrums,” J. Phys. Chem. Solids 12, 233 (1960).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. A. Mitsuishi and H. Yoshinaga: “Infrared Absorption of U-Centers in KCl and KBr,” J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 18, 321 (1963).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. A. Mitsuishi and H. Yoshinaga: “Infrared Absorption of U-Centers in KCl and KBr,” Progress Progr. Theor. Phys. Suppl. 23, 241 (1962).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. A. Mitsuishi, A. Manabe, H. Yoshinaga, S. Ibuki, and H. Komiya: “Infrared Absorption Spectra due to Localized vibration in the II−VI Compounds,” Progr. Theor. Phys. Suppl. 45, 21 (1970).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. A. Mitsuishi and A. Manabe: “Infrared and Raman spectra due to impurity induced lattice vibrations,” OYO BUTURI, 41, 743−759 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  40. F. Kruger, O. Reinkober, and E. Koch-Holm: “Reststrahlen von Mischkristallen,” Ann. Phys. 85, 110 (1928).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. T. Kawamura, A. Mitsuishi, and H. Yoshinaga: “Far-Infared Spectra of KH2PO4 and NH4H2PO4,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 7, 1303 (1968).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. H. Yoshinaga, S. Fujita, S. Minami, Y. Suemoto, M. Inoue, K. Chiba, K. Nakano, S. Yoshida, and H. Sugimori : “A Far Infrared Interferometric Spectrometer with a Special Electromic Computer,” Appl. Opt. 5, 1159 (1966).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. H. Rubens: “Gittermessungen im langwelligen Spektrum,” Berl. Ber. 8−27 (1921).

  44. E. S. Imes: “Measurements on the near infrared absorption of some diatomic gases,”Astrophys. J. 50, 251 (1919).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. H. H. Perkampus: Encyclopedia of Spectroscopy (V. C. H. 1995).

  46. V. Z. Williams: “Infrared Instrumentation and Techniques,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 19, 135 (1948).

    Google Scholar 

  47. Transaction of the Triple Commission for Spectroscopy: J. Opt. Soc. Am. 52, 746 (1962).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgement

“The progress of far-infrared spectroscopy” was published in Journal of Japan Society of Infrared Science and Technology in 2007 in Japanese. My co-worker Dr. K. Sakai asked me for permission to present it to a wider audience, saying that the history is highly important and should be made available to the world community. Under the leadership of Dr. Sakai, the article was translated into English with the help of S. Nakashima (Prof. Emeritus of Osaka University), Y. Tsunawaki (Prof. Emeritus of Osaka Sangyo University) and Prof. Hangyo (Osaka University). I appreciate their efforts and also that of Prof. M. Koch, Editor in Chief of Journal of Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves. Reproduction is permitted by the Japan Society of Infrared Science and Technology. Incidentally, Dr. K. Sakai and Prof. Y. Tsunawaki are former presidents of the society.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Akiyoshi Mitsuishi.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Mitsuishi, A. Progress in far-infrared spectroscopy: Approximately 1890 to 1970. J Infrared Milli Terahz Waves 35, 243–281 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10762-013-0029-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10762-013-0029-9

Keywords

Navigation