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The Millimeter Wave Radiation of a Dielectric Leaky-Wave Antenna Coupled with a Diffraction Grating for the Broadside Radiation: Narrow-Face Interaction

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Abstract

A dielectric leaky-wave antenna (DLWA) coupled with a metallic diffraction grating is experimentally investigated in millimeter-waves. The interaction between dielectric line and grating is from the narrow-face of dielectric and it is contactless. Measured patterns are compared with simulated ones. The antenna parameters (HPBW, side lobe levels, etc.) are also obtained. The most significant achievement of this antenna is to obtain broadside radiation without any suppression, which occurs due to the periodicity of grating. This situation is not available for the most of the periodic leaky-wave antennas. This antenna type can be used as a broadside radiator by this property as well as a frequency scanning purposes.

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Notes

  1. There are some differences between our proposed structure and known DLWAs in the literature such as inverted-strip DLWAs [2, 3] and periodically metal-strip loaded DLWAs [4–15] in terms of the perturbation style and physical constructions of the antennas. These differences were explained in [16].

  2. The sinusoidal shape was also applied to the wire antennas [19, 20], strip and microstrip antennas [21] before. By our study, sinusoidal shape is applied to the diffraction grating of a DLWA.

  3. Actually, the “peak-to-peak amplitude” of grating is nothing but the “teeth depth” of the grating.

  4. The formulation of the DLWA for broad-face interaction [16] was derived using this approach.

  5. This mode corresponds to the Čherenkov radiation [27] for the case of charged particle-grating interaction. The Čherenkov radiation occurs from the motion of the electrons close to a dielectric.

  6. A similar parametric investigation was also performed for the DLWA coupled with sinusoidal grating for the broad-face interaction in [16].

  7. The same setup and grating sets were also used for the DLWA coupled with sinusoidal grating for the broad-face interaction, which was investigated in [16].

  8. The effect of the coupling distance d between the dielectric waveguide and the sinusoidal grating to the radiation level was investigated for the DLWA coupled with broad-face interaction in [16] and it was shown that this distance has to be chosen as smallest as possible for the highest coupling and to get a high radiation level.

  9. The broadside radiation was approximately the same for the DLWA with broad-face interaction [16] because both antennas are coupled with the same sinusoidal grating (the grating period is the same for both measurement).

  10. The side lobe level of DLWA for the broad-face interaction [16] was 5 dB worse than the DLWA for the narrow-face interaction, which is investigated in this study.

  11. It was polarized in longitidunal direction (z-axis) for DLWA for broad-face interaction [16].

  12. The cross polarization level of DLWA for the broad-face interaction [16] was 5 dB worse than the DLWA coupled with sinusoidal grating for the narrow-face interaction, which is investigated in this study.

  13. HPBW of the DLWA for the broad-face interaction was 6.5° at 31 GHz [16], which is very close to the HPBW of the DLWA coupled with sinusoidal grating for the narrow-face interaction investigated in this study (6.6° at the same frequency). It is expected because both antenna uses the same grating (DPS1)—the aperture is identical for both antennas-.

  14. For the DLWA coupled with DPS2 and DPS3 for broad-face interaction, the -2nd harmonic was appearing in the visible region starting from 31 GHz and 23 GHz, respectively [16]. It means that -2nd harmonics appear in the visible region at 2 GHz lower for DLWA for broad-face interaction. These results show that the radiation behaviors of the harmonics of both antenna types are different.

  15. The results of the parametric investigation show that there is big similarity between the antenna investigated here (DLWA for narrow-face interaction) and the one for broad-face interaction [16]. Thus, the behaviors of the radiation patterns of both antennas do not change by varying the geometrical parameters. However, the measurements have to be done out of the open stop-band region at broadside angles for the DLWA for broad-side interaction [16] due to high attenuation.

  16. The same calibration procedure used in the reference [16] was applied here.

  17. The rectangular shape is used in electron tubes such as BWO as the grating shape [28, 29].

  18. This is excetly the the same rectengular grating, which was used for the DLWA coupled with sinusoidal grating for broad-face interaction [16].

  19. The open stop-band behavior (resonance) was observed for the DLWA for broad-side interaction.

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Acknowledgment

A. O. Salman thanks to H. Cetinkaya for his assistance to HFSS simulations.

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  1. TUBITAK UEKAE (National Research Institute of Electronics and Cryptology), Information Technologies Institute, P.O. Box: 74, 41470, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey

    A. Oral Salman

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Salman, A.O. The Millimeter Wave Radiation of a Dielectric Leaky-Wave Antenna Coupled with a Diffraction Grating for the Broadside Radiation: Narrow-Face Interaction. J Infrared Milli Terahz Waves 31, 1032–1047 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10762-010-9675-3

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