Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Towards an Institutional Blended Learning Adoption Model for Higher Education Institutions

  • Original research
  • Published:
Technology, Knowledge and Learning Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

There has been considerable interest in Blended learning (BL) and how it is transforming teaching and learning in higher education institutions. Research in this area is focused on course level issues in relation to how students and faculty members interact and adopt blended learning, with very limited focus on institutional adoption. There is the need for more institutional adoption research to guide how higher education institutions shape policies as they transition from the traditional face to face delivery model to fully blended universities. This study adopts a grounded theory methodology to investigate institutional BL adoption initiatives. A public university in Ghana, which is in its early/adoption implementation stage, is selected as a case study and analysed using the constant comparative analytical technique. The university management took a decision in 2013 to transition from face to face delivery to a fully adopted blended learning approach. The university subsequently adopted a BL policy which, among other things, directed faculty members to teach courses via a mix of face to face and online using a Moodle Learning Management System (LMS). Findings from this study present the identified factors that influence and impact the adoption of BL program in institutions. Findings from this study suggest that institutional decision to adopt or reject BL is influenced by the level of the institutional desire to adopt blended learning and the level of the institution’s intention to adopt blended. The outcome of the findings is developed into an institutional adoption model to guide managers of institutions intending to transition to BL delivery model.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1

Source: Antwi-Boampong and Bokolo (2021)

Similar content being viewed by others

Availability of Data and Material

Not applicable.

Code Availability

Not applicable.

References

  • Adebayo, O., Iwu-James, J., Olawoyin, O., Fagbohun, O., Esse, U., Yusuf, F., Owolabi, S. (2019). Blended learning in higher education: implication and strategies for academic library support. In INTED2019 Proceedings, 1(March), (pp. 7210–7217). https://doi.org/10.21125/inted.2019.1746

  • Adekola, J., Dale, V. H. M., & Gardiner, K. (2017a). Development of an institutional framework to guide transitions into enhanced blended learning in higher education. Research in Learning Technology. https://doi.org/10.25304/rlt.v25.1973

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Adekola, J., Dale, V. H. M., Gardiner, K., Murray, J.-A., & Fischbacher-Smith, M. (2017). Institutional and student transitions to into blended learning. In 3rd International Enhancement in Higher Education Conference, (pp 1–10) Glasgow, UK.

  • Adekola J., Dale, V., & Powell, K. (2017). Student transitions to blended learning – challenges and solutions

  • Ansong, E., Boateng, R., Boateng, S. L., & Anderson, A. B. (2017). The nature of e-learning adoption by stakeholders of a university in Africa. E-Learning and Digital Media, 14(4), 226–243. https://doi.org/10.1177/2042753017731235

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Apandi, A. M., & Raman, A. (2020). Factors affecting successful implementation of blended learning at higher education. International Journal of Instruction, Technology, and Social Sciences, 1(1), 13–23.

    Google Scholar 

  • Asabere, N., Togo, G., Acakpovi, A., Torby, W., & Ampadu, K. (2017). AIDS: An ICT model for integrating teaching, learning and research in technical university education in Ghana. International Journal of Education and Development Using Information and Communication Technology, 13(3), 162–183.

    Google Scholar 

  • Asampana, I., Akanferi, A. A., & Ami-Narh, J. (2017). Reasons for poor acceptance of web-based learning using an LMS and VLE in Ghana. Interdisciplinary Journal of Information, Knowledge, and Management. https://doi.org/10.28945/3742

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Asante, J. N. (2014). The State of ICT integration in the early years in ghana schools. Literacy Information and Computer Education Journal, Special, 3(1), 1750–1757.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Asunka, S. (2008). October – 2008 online learning in higher education in Sub-Saharan Africa : Ghanaian university students experiences and perceptions. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 9(3), 1–23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Asunka, S. (2013). Overcoming barriers to instructor adoption of a learning management system. Cases on Educational Technology Implementation for Facilitating Learning. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-3676-7.ch014

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Atuahene, F., & Owusu-Ansah, A. (2013). A descriptive assessment of higher education access, participation, equity, and disparity in Ghana. SAGE Open, 3(3), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244013497725

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Awidi, I. T. (2013). E-learning Implementation Strategies for an ICT-Challenged Environment : Case of the University of Ghana, Legon. Retrieved from https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/573

  • Bervell, B., & Umar, I. N. (2020). Blended learning or face-to-face? does tutor anxiety prevent the adoption of learning management systems for distance education in Ghana? Open Learning, 35(2), 159–177. https://doi.org/10.1080/02680513.2018.1548964

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Blankson, H. (2015). The impact of e-learning on teaching and learning in Cape Coast polytechnic. African Journal of Applied Research (AJAR), 1(1), 262–272. https://doi.org/10.1525/aeq.1992.23.1.05x1104l

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Blieck, Y., Zhu, C., Schildkamp, K., Struyven, K., Pynoo, B., & Cindy, L. (2020). A conceptual model for effective quality management of online and blended learning. Electronic Journal of E-Learning, 18(2), 189–204.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bohle Carbonell, K., Dailey-Hebert, A., & Gijselaers, W. (2013). Unleashing the creative potential of faculty to create blended learning. Internet and Higher Education. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2012.10.004

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bokolo, A., Kamaludin, A., Romli, A., Mat Raffei, A. F., A/L Eh Phon, D. N., Abdullah, A., Baba, S. (2020). A managerial perspective on institutions’ administration readiness to diffuse blended learning in higher education: Concept and evidence. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 52(1), 37–64. https://doi.org/10.1080/15391523.2019.1675203

  • Buchanan, T., Sainter, P., & Saunders, G. (2013). Factors affecting faculty use of learning technologies: implications for models of technology adoption. Journal of Computing in Higher Education. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12528-013-9066-6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Casanovas, I. (2010). Exploring the current theoretical background about adoption through institutionalization of online education in Universities: needs for further research. Electronic Journal of E-Learning, 8(2), 73–84.

    Google Scholar 

  • Charbonneau-gowdy, P., Frenzel, M., & Bello, U. A. (2016). Converting from ‘ Doubter ’ to Promoter of Blended Learning Approaches in Higher Education.

  • Charmaz, K. (2015). Grounded theory: Methodology and theory construction. In International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences: Second Edition (Second Edi, Vol. 10). https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-097086-8.44029-8

  • Dziuban, C., Graham, C. R., Moskal, P. D., Norberg, A., & Sicilia, N. (2018). Blended learning: the new normal and emerging technologies. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 15(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-017-0087-5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Garrison, D. R., & Kanuka, H. (2004). Blended learning: Uncovering its transformative potential in higher education. Internet and Higher Education. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2004.02.001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Garrison, D. R., & Vaughan, N. D. (2013). Institutional change and leadership associated with blended learning innovation: Two case studies. Internet and Higher Education. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2012.09.001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gautreau, C. (2011). Motivational factors affecting the integration of a learning management system by faculty. Journal of Educators Online. https://doi.org/10.9743/JEO.2011.1.2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gautreau, C. (2016). Motivational factors affecting the integration of a learning management system by faculty. The Journal of Educators Online. https://doi.org/10.9743/jeo.2011.1.2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Georgieva, S., & Allan, G. (2008). Best practices in project management through a grounded theory lens. Electronic Journal of Business Research Methods, 6(1), 43–52.

    Google Scholar 

  • Glaser, B. G. (2002). Conceptualization: On theory and theorizing using grounded theory. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 1(2), 23–38. https://doi.org/10.1177/160940690200100203

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Graham, C. R., Woodfield, W., & Harrison, J. B. (2013). A framework for institutional adoption and implementation of blended learning in higher education. Internet and Higher Education, 18, 4–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2012.09.003

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Güzer, B., & Caner, H. (2014). The past, present and future of blended learning: an in depth analysis of literature. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 116, 4596–4603. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.01.992

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Khan, B. H. (2002). A framework for E-learning. Educational Technology, 42(1), 59–60.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kituyi, G., & Tusubira, I. (2013). A framework for the integration of e-learning in higher education institutions in developing countries Geoffrey Kituyi and Irene Tusubira Makerere university business school, Uganda. International Journal of Education and Development Using Information and Communication Technology (IJEDICT), 9(2), 19–36.

    Google Scholar 

  • Koehler, M. J., Mishra, P., & Cain, W. (2009). What is technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK)? Contemporary Issues in Technology and Teacher Education, 9(1), 60–70. https://doi.org/10.1177/002205741319300303

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Korpelainen, E. (2011). Theories of ICT system implementation and adoption - a critical review. Aalto University, 57.

  • Kotoua, S., Ilkan, M., & Kilic, H. (2015). The growing of online education in Sub Saharan Africa: Case study Ghana. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 191, 2406–2411. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.04.670

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kumi-Yeboah, A., Young, W., & Boadu, K. (2013). 21st century distance learning in Sub-Saharan Africa: distance and blended learning in Ghana. In Advancing Technology and Educational Development through Blended Learning in Emerging Economies, (September), (p 142). https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-4574-5.ch008

  • Licqurish, S., & Seibold, C. (2011). Applying a contemporary grounded theory methodology. Nurse Researcher, 18(4), 11–16. https://doi.org/10.7748/nr2011.07.18.4.11.c8630

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liu, Q., Geertshuis, S., & Grainger, R. (2020). Understanding academics adoption of learning technologies: A systematic review. Computers and Education, 151(February), 103857. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2020.103857

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lysek, M. H. T. (2018). A grounded theory on obtaining congruence in decision making. The Grounded Theory Review, 17(1), 70.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maloney, S., Nicklen, P., Rivers, G., Foo, J., Ooi, Y. Y., Comm, M., & Ilic, D. (2015). A cost-effectiveness analysis of blended versus face-to-face delivery of evidence-based medicine to medical students. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 17(7), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.4346

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marfo, J. S., & Okine, R. K. (2016). Implementation of e-Learning in Ghanaian Tertiary Institutions (A case study of KNUST ). E-Learning, 3(9), 29–41.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mirata, V., Hirt, F., Bergamin, P., & van der Westhuizen, C. (2020). Challenges and contexts in establishing adaptive learning in higher education: Findings from a Delphi Study. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-020-00209-y

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moser, F. Z. (2007). Faculty adoption of educational technology: Educational technology support plays a critical role in helping faculty add technology to their teaching. Educause Quarterly, 30(1), 66–69.

    Google Scholar 

  • Norberg, A., Dziuban, C. D., & Moskal, P. D. (2011). A time-based blended learning model. On the Horizon, 19(3), 207–216. https://doi.org/10.1108/10748121111163913

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nunes, J. M. B., Martins, J. T., Zhou, L., Alajamy, M., & Al-Mamari, S. (2010). Contextual sensitivity in grounded theory: The role of pilot studies. The Electronic Journal of Business Research Methods, 8(2), 73–84.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ocak, M. A. (2011). Why are faculty members not teaching blended courses? Insights from faculty members. Computers & Education, 56(3), 689–699.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Owston, R., York, D., & Malhotra, T. (2019). Blended learning in large enrolment courses: student perceptions across four different instructional models. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 35(5), 29–45.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pereira, I., & Figueiredo, A. D. (2010). Promoting motivation and participation in higher education: A b-learning experience. In Proceedings - Frontiers in Education Conference, FIE, (pp. 1–6). https://doi.org/10.1109/FIE.2010.5673204

  • Previtali, P., & Scarozza, D. (2019). Blended learning adoption: A case study of one of the oldest universities in Europe. International Journal of Educational Management, 33(5), 990–998. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEM-07-2018-0197

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rasheed, R. A., Kamsin, A., & Abdullah, N. A. (2020). Challenges in the online component of blended learning: A Systematic Review. Computers and Education, 144(March 2019), 103701. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2019.103701

  • Rowley, J. (2012). Conducting research interviews. Management Reserach Review, 35(3/4), 260–271.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Samarawickrema, G., & Stacey, E. (2007). Adopting web-based learning and teaching: A case study in higher education. Distance Education. https://doi.org/10.1080/01587910701611344

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Siddiquee, T. A. R., Abdullah, F. B., Sanusi, A., & Hasan, M. K. (2019). The Blended Learning (B-Learning): present status and future prospects. Researchgate.Net, (November). Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Tahir_Abdul_Rahman_Siddiquee/publication/337415296_The_Blended_Learning_B-Learning_Present_Status_and_Future_Prospects/links/5dd6609c458515cd48b08b8b/The-Blended-Learning-B-Learning-Present-Status-and-Future-Prospects.

  • Stein, J., & Graham, C. R. (2020). Essentials for blended learning. Essentials for Blended Learning. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351043991

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tamanja, E., & Pajibo, E. (2019). Ghana’S free senior high school policy: evidence and insight from data. In: EDULEARN19 Proceedings, 1(May), (pp 7837–7846). https://doi.org/10.21125/edulearn.2019.1906

  • Taplin, R. H., Kerr, R., & Brown, A. M. (2013). Who pays for blended learning? a cost–benefit analysis. Internet and Higher Education. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2012.09.002

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tawiah, R., Lamptey, R. B., Okyere, G. A., Oduro, W., & Thompson, M. O. (2019). Review of e-Learning environment at the Kwame Nkrumah university of science and technology, Ghana. Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal). 2337

  • Taylor, J. A., & Newton, D. (2013). Beyond blended learning: a case study of institutional change at an Australian regional university. Internet and Higher Education. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2012.10.003

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tshabalala, M., Ndeya-Ndereya, C., & Van Der Merwe, T. (2014). Implementing blended learning at a developing university: Obstacles in the way. The Electronic Journal of E-Learning, 12(1), 101–110.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yeou, M. (2016). An investigation of student’s acceptance of moodle in a blended learning setting using technology acceptance model. Journal of Educational Technology Systems, 44(3), 300–318.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

Not applicable.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ahmed Antwi-Boampong.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of Interest

Not applicable.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Appendix 1

Appendix 1

See Table 3

Table 3 Constant Comparison Analysis of Transcript Data

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Antwi-Boampong, A., Bokolo, A.J. Towards an Institutional Blended Learning Adoption Model for Higher Education Institutions. Tech Know Learn 27, 765–784 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10758-021-09507-4

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10758-021-09507-4

Keywords

Navigation