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Omega-3 Effects on Ligature-Induced Periodontitis in Rats with Fructose-Induced Metabolic Syndrome

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Abstract—

Both periodontal disease (PD) and metabolic syndrome (MS) represent disorders of concern worldwide. Current evidence indicates that PD and MS might negatively influence each other, increasing the risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVD), via mutual inflammatory pathways. A failure of the inflammation resolution mechanisms is crucial for these comorbidities. Fish oil-derived omega-3 has been linked with resolution-driven responses in different pathological conditions during the last years. This study evaluated the impacts of omega-3 supplementation in a rat model combining ligature-induced PD and 10% fructose intake-elicited MS. Our main findings show that 10% fructose ingestion led to an elevation of Lee index and white adipose tissue (WAT) weight, along with hepatic alterations, accompanied by an increase of leptin, and a decrement of adiponectin serum amounts, regardless of PD induction. Noteworthy, the co-induction of PD and MS resulted in higher levels of glycemia and triglycerides, being this latter effect lessened by omega-3 supplementation. In this case, the beneficial effects of omega-3 might be associated with its ability to recover the decline of serum adiponectin levels in rats with PD plus MS. As expected, PD induction led to alveolar bone loss, independent of MS induction. However, the supplementation with omega-3 restored alveolar bone in PD control animals, but not in the rats with PD combined with MS. Our study extends the knowledge about PD and MS as comorbidities, showing novel effects of omega-3 supplementation in this context.

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Availability of Data and Materials

Any data or material regarding the present manuscript is available upon request, by contacting the corresponding author.

The experimental protocols followed the current Brazilian guidelines for the care and use of animals for scientific and didactic procedures from the National Council for the Control of Animal Experimentation (CONCEA, Brazil).

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Ms. Raquel Matos Oliveira and Mr. Willian Leitão Pereira for their excellent technical assistance.

Funding

Our work was supported by grants from Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Nível Superior (CAPES; Financial Code 001) and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq). M.O.A.O. and I.R.B. are MSc. and PhD students, respectively, receiving grants from CAPES. A.R.L. and V.B.P. are undergraduate students receiving grants from CNPq and PUCRS, respectively. M.M.C. is a researcher career awardee of CNPq (304042/2018–8).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil

    Maysa O. A. Oliveira, Isadora R. Barbosa & Maria M. Campos

  2. Centro de Pesquisa em Toxicologia e Farmacologia, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil

    Maysa O. A. Oliveira, Álvaro R. Leonço, Isadora R. Barbosa & Maria M. Campos

  3. Curso de Graduação em Medicina, Escola de Medicina, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil

    Álvaro R. Leonço

  4. Curso de Graduação em Odontologia, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Ipiranga, 6681, Partenon, Porto Alegre, RS, 90619-900, Brazil

    Vinícius B. Pavani & Maria M. Campos

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  1. Maysa O. A. Oliveira
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Contributions

Maysa O. A. Oliveira performed research, analyzed data, and wrote the paper; Álvaro R. Leonço performed research and analyzed data; Vinícius B. Pavani performed research; Isadora R. Barbosa performed research and critically revised the manuscript; Maria M. Campos conceived the study, performed research, analyzed data, and wrote the paper. All authors approved the last version of the paper.

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Correspondence to Maria M. Campos.

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The Institutional Animal Ethics Committee approved all the experimental protocols used in the present study (protocol number CEUA 10154).

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Oliveira, M.O.A., Leonço, Á.R., Pavani, V.B. et al. Omega-3 Effects on Ligature-Induced Periodontitis in Rats with Fructose-Induced Metabolic Syndrome. Inflammation 46, 388–403 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10753-022-01741-x

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