Abstract
Environmental influences on species’ functional traits are important ecological issues to assess biodiversity. Relationships among fish abundance, their functional traits, and environmental conditions across different levels of anthropogenic impacts in a tropical Brazilian river were evaluated. We combined RLQ and fourth-corner methods, utilizing local environmental variables and the Human Footprint Index (HFI) as a human activities indicator. Three HFI levels (High, Intermediate, and Low) and short-term (1993–2009) impact changes at each location were assigned. Fish with internal fertilization and small body sizes were strongly associated with high HFI scores. Grass-dominated riparian areas were common in altered locations, whereas less altered localities exhibited the riparian cover dominated by trees. Highly altered areas showed high HFI, grass-covered riparian zones, and small-sized species with internal fertilization (e.g., Cyprinodontiformes like Poecilia vivipara, Poecilia reticulata, and Phalloceros caudimaculatus). In contrast, less altered areas had tree-lined riparian zones and medium to large-sized species with external fertilization and diverse traits. Underlying deterministic processes shape species distribution, tied to environment and traits. Filtering of traits in the most altered locations may favor small-sized species with internal fertilization. This approach, utilizing HFI and local variables to assess trait–environment relationships of riverine fish, facilitates understanding organisms’ responses to environmental constraints.
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Data availability
The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
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Acknowledgements
We thank students and technicians of the Laboratory of Fish Ecology (UFRRJ) for helping in the fieldwork. This research was partially funded by CNPq—Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Grant #305712/2020-9). FAPERJ—Rio de Janeiro State Agency for Research Development also gave a grant to the first author (Proc. E-26/203.039/2017). This research was conducted under SISBIO Collection of Species Permit number 10707 issued by ICMBio, Brazilian Environmental Agency and follows the ethics rules applicable to the use of animals in teaching and/or research based on the provisions of Brazilian law (Federal Law 11.794 of October 08, 2008).
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Funding was provided by Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (Grant no. Proc. E-26/203.039/2017).
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FGA and MCCA conceived the study, BCTP led the field collection team, MCCA and GHSG analyzed the data, and FGA and MCCA wrote the manuscript, with contributions from GHSG and BCTP.
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Araújo, F.G., de Azevedo, M.C.C., Guedes, G.H.S. et al. Trait–environment relationship of riverine fish assemblages across a human footprint mosaic. Hydrobiologia 851, 1135–1151 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-023-05370-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-023-05370-9