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Impact of zooplankton grazing on phytoplankton in north temperate coastal lakes: changes along gradients in salinity and nutrients

  • Effects of Changes in Salinity
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Abstract

Zooplankton grazing at similar nutrient levels is generally regarded as lower in brackish than in freshwater lakes, but experimental evidence of this is lacking. Accordingly, we conducted short-term zooplankton grazing experiments in bottles with water from 12 Danish brackish lakes covering a large gradient in salinity (0.3–17.4‰) and nutrient concentrations as well as with water from 24 mesocosms established in the same area with various salinities (0.5–12‰), two nutrient levels and low fish density. Grazing was low in 11 of the 12 lakes, even when they were dominated by edible phytoplankton and nutrient addition led to a major increase in phytoplankton biomass. By contrast, grazing was significant in most of the mesocosms, particularly at high nutrient levels and salinities of 8‰ or below where Daphnia dominated. Moreover, grazing decreased the biomass of most phytoplankton taxa, except for a few (e.g. Ankyra at 0.5–2‰ and Ochromonas and Chaetoceros at 8‰). Our results provide experimental support for potentially significant grazing by zooplankton on phytoplankton in brackish lakes up to a salinity of 8‰ at low fish density; however, grazing in summer was generally low in the majority of the lakes, which we attribute to high predation on zooplankton.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Anne Mette Poulsen for valuable English editions.

Funding

The project was supported by Aage V. Jensen Nature Foundation, Project “Østlige Vejler”, Denmark. EJ and CAA were also supported by the TÜBİTAK Program BIDEB2232 (Project 118C250).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Århus, Denmark

    Inge Christensen, Lisbeth Kjæreby Pedersen, Martin Søndergaard, Torben L. Lauridsen & Erik Jeppesen

  2. Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research, Beijing, China

    Martin Søndergaard, Torben L. Lauridsen & Erik Jeppesen

  3. Nuclear Research Center, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia

    Sh. Tserenpil

  4. Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

    Katherine Richardson

  5. Limnology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences and Centre for Ecosystem Research and Implementation, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey

    Cihelio A. Amorim & Erik Jeppesen

  6. Centro Universitario Regional del Este – CURE, Universidad de la República, Maldonado, Montevideo, Uruguay

    Juan Pablo Pacheco

  7. Institute of Marine Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Mersin, Ankara, Turkey

    Erik Jeppesen

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IC and LKP conceptualization, methodology, formal analysis, investigation, data curation and writing—original draft, ST, CAA, JPP, TLL and MS investigation review and editing, EJ and KR conceptualization, methodology, funding acquisition, writing, review and editing and supervision.

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Christensen, I., Pedersen, L.K., Søndergaard, M. et al. Impact of zooplankton grazing on phytoplankton in north temperate coastal lakes: changes along gradients in salinity and nutrients. Hydrobiologia 850, 4609–4626 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-022-05017-1

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