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Influence of warming temperatures on coregonine embryogenesis within and among species

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Abstract

The greatest known global response of lakes to climate change has been an increase in water temperatures. The responses of many lake fishes to warming water temperatures are projected to be inadequate to counter the speed and magnitude of climate change. We experimentally evaluated the responses of embryos from a group of cold, stenothermic fishes (Salmonidae Coregoninae) to increased incubation temperatures. Study groups included cisco (Coregonus artedi) from lakes Superior and Ontario (USA), and vendace (C. albula) and European whitefish (C. lavaretus) from Lake Southern Konnevesi (Finland). Embryos from artificial crossings were incubated at water temperatures of 2.0, 4.5, 7.0, and 9.0°C, and their responses were quantified for developmental and morphological traits. Embryo survival, incubation period, and length-at-hatch were inversely related to incubation temperature whereas yolk-sac volume increased with incubation temperature within study groups. However, varying magnitudes of responses among study groups suggested differential levels of developmental plasticity to climate change. Differential levels of parental effects indicate genetic diversity may enable all study groups to adapt to cope with some degree of changing environmental conditions. Our results suggest that the coregonines sampled within and among systems may have a wide range of embryo responses to warming incubation conditions.

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Availability of data and material

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available in the GitHub repository, https://github.com/taylorstewart/Stewart-et-al-2021---Coregonine-Temp-Embryo.

Code availability

The scripts to reproduce the figures and analyses in this paper are available in the GitHub repository, https://github.com/taylorstewart/Stewart-et-al-2021---Coregonine-Temp-Embryo.

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Acknowledgments

We thank the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources Bayfield Fisheries Field Station, U. S. Geological Survey (USGS) Tunison Laboratory of Aquatic Science, New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Cape Vincent Fisheries Station, and Konnevesi Research Station and local fishers for conducting field collections of spawning adults. We also thank Rachel Taylor, Mark Vinson, Daniel Yule, Caroline Rosinski, Jonna Kuha, and Rosanna Sjövik for help with fertilizations and experiment maintenance. This work was funded by the USGS under Grant/Cooperative Agreement No. G16AP00087 to the Vermont Water Resources and Lakes Studies Center and G17AC00042 to the University of Vermont. This work was made possible with funds made available to Lake Champlain by Senator Patrick Leahy through the Great Lakes Fishery Commission. We acknowledge INRAE, French National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food, and Environment, the UMR CARRTEL (INRAE - USMB) and the National Science Foundation (award number 1829451) for supporting a workshop to develop this experiment.

Funding

This study was funded by the United States Geological Survey under Grant/Cooperative Agreement No. G16AP00087 to the Vermont Water Resources and Lakes Studies Center and G17AC00042 to the University of Vermont. This work was made possible with funds made available to Lake Champlain by Senator Patrick Leahy through the Great Lakes Fishery Commission. A workshop to develop this experiment was supported by INRAE, French National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food, and Environment, the UMR CARRTEL (INRAE - USMB), and the National Science Foundation (award number 1829451).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA

    Taylor R. Stewart

  2. Rubenstein Ecosystem Science Laboratory, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA

    Taylor R. Stewart & Jason D. Stockwell

  3. University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland

    Mikko Mäkinen, Timo J. Marjomäki & Juha Karjalainen

  4. University Savoie Mont Blanc, INRAE, CARRTEL, Thonon-Les-Bains, France

    Chloé Goulon, Jean Guillard & Emilien Lasne

  5. Pôle ECLA (ECosystèmes LAcustres) (OFB – INRAE – USMB), Thonon-Les-Bains, France

    Chloé Goulon & Jean Guillard

  6. ESE, Ecology and Ecosystem Health, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRAE, Rennes, France

    Emilien Lasne

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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation and data collection were performed by Taylor R. Stewart (TS) and Mikko Mäkinen. Analysis was performed by TS. The first draft of the manuscript was written by TS and all authors commented on subsequent versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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All work described here was approved for ethical animal care under University of Vermont’s Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (Protocol # PROTO202000021).

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Stewart, T.R., Mäkinen, M., Goulon, C. et al. Influence of warming temperatures on coregonine embryogenesis within and among species. Hydrobiologia 848, 4363–4385 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-021-04648-0

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