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Sensitivity of Pseudunio auricularius to metals and ammonia: first evaluation

  • FRESHWATER MOLLUSCS
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Abstract

Populations of the critically endangered freshwater mussel Pseudunio auricularius (Spengler, 1793) have been suffering sharp declines, particularly in the Ebro basin (Iberian Peninsula). Among other factors, pollution could be responsible for these declines. We conducted, for the first time, acute toxicological tests (96 h) with heavy metals and ammonia on P. auricularius juveniles. The resulting LC50 values, in decreasing order of sensitivity, were: Cd = 38.85 µg/L, Cu = 58.64 µg/L, Ni = 124.60 µg/L, Zn = 267.40 µg/L, Cr(III) > 1000 µg/L, Pb > 2000 µg/L and total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) = 7.53 mg/L. We also report the estimated LC10, NOEC, LOEC and MATC values, which may be used to determine safer habitat conditions. Finally, we compare the obtained LC50 values with the concentrations of the toxicants in natural habitats where the species is present. Overall, the results reported here could be used to implement effective conservation actions, such as relocation of specimens to less-polluted sites or reduction of the concentration of pollutants in disturbed habitats. Considering the lack of ecotoxicological studies on freshwater mussels in Europe, this study may also be useful to establish toxicological reference limits for this imperiled faunal group.

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Acknowledgements

Eva Elbaile, Carlos Salinas, Carlos Catalá, Beatriz Gimeno, Patricia Abadía and Lorena Nieves who were involved in the captive breeding. Special thanks go to Dr. John Besser (Columbia Environmental Research Center) for his help with the copper data. Thanks to Dr. Ning Wang (Columbia Environmental Research Center), Dr. Gregory Cope (North Caroline University) and Dr. Brian Watson (Virginia DGIF) for their help and advice. Thanks also to Manuel Alcántara, Joaquín Guererro-Campo (Government of Aragón) and Javier Armengol (University of Valencia) for their support. Two anonymous referees provided comments on a previous version of the manuscript. This project was partially funded by the Government of Aragón, Dpt. of Rural Development and Sustainability. The authors wish to thank the Ebro River Basin Authority: Confederación Hidrográfica del Ebro (Zaragoza, Spain) for providing water quality data of the Ebro River.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Environmental Service Department, Sociedad Aragonesa de Gestión Agroambiental (SARGA), Ranillas Av., 5-A, 3th, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain

    Keiko Nakamura

  2. Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, c/Catedrático José Beltrán Martínez, no. 2, 46980, Paterna, Spain

    Keiko Nakamura, Jésica Cañete & Francesc Mesquita-Joanes

  3. Escuela Politécnica Superior de Huesca, University of Zaragoza, c/de Cuarte, s/n, 22071, Huesca, Spain

    Diego Vijuesca

  4. Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, University of Zaragoza, c/Miguel Servet, 177, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain

    Natalia Guillén, Cecilia Sosa & Víctor Sorribas

  5. Department of Biology, CBMA - Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, University of Minho, Campos de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal

    Ronaldo Sousa

  6. Departamento de Desarrollo Rural y Sostenibilidad, Gobierno de Aragón Servicio Provincial de Zaragoza, Paseo María Agustín, 36, 50071, Zaragoza, Spain

    Ester Ginés

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Guest editors: Manuel P. M. Lopes-Lima, Nicoletta Riccardi, Maria Urbanska & Ronaldo G. Sousa / Biology and Conservation of Freshwater Molluscs

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Nakamura, K., Cañete, J., Vijuesca, D. et al. Sensitivity of Pseudunio auricularius to metals and ammonia: first evaluation. Hydrobiologia 848, 2977–2992 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-020-04277-z

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