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Phytoplankton biomass is mainly controlled by hydrology and phosphorus concentrations in tropical hydroelectric reservoirs

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Abstract

Phytoplankton is widely recognized as being regulated mainly by resources (nutrients and light) and predation by higher trophic levels. In reservoirs, these controls also can be modulated by hydrology, for example through the influence of flow pulses generated by the operation of the dam. In this study, we tested the influence of light, nutrients, and zooplankton grazing pressure, and also hydrology (as water residence time) on the phytoplankton biomass in eight tropical hydroelectric reservoirs, which differ in size, morphometry, location, trophic state, and water residence time. Our hypothesis was that, as these reservoirs are used for hydroelectric purposes, the control that would otherwise be exerted on phytoplankton biomass primarily by resource availability and grazing will also be modulated by hydrology. Low phytoplankton biomass (range of system medians = 12–299 μg C l−1) occurred in most systems, except for one highly eutrophic reservoir (median = 1331 μg C l−1). Our data showed that phosphorus was more often likely to be the limiting nutrient in these systems, as assessed through nutrient limitation indexes (nitrogen and phosphorus), based on concentrations and ratios. For most reservoirs, excluding the eutrophic system with high cyanobacteria biomass, seasonal water residence time was the variable that best explained phytoplankton variation among the several environmental variables analyzed in this study (P < 0.0001; adjusted r 2 = 0.38). Hydrology was an important and additional factor modulating phytoplankton in these tropical reservoirs, directly removing phytoplankton populations and their potential zooplankton grazers by washout, and also affecting nutrient availability.

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Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to FURNAS Centrais Elétricas S.A, CAPES (Foundation for the Coordination of Higher Education and Graduate Training) and CNPQ (Brazilian National Research Council) for financial support. We also thank Dr. Janet W. Reid (JWR Associates) for the revision of the English text, and two anonymous reviewers for their valuable contributions.

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  1. Laboratório de Ficologia, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20940-040, Brazil

    Luciana M. Rangel, Lúcia H. S. Silva & Vera L. M. Huszar

  2. Laboratório de Ecologia Aquática, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36036-900, Brazil

    Priscila Rosa & Fábio Roland

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  1. Luciana M. Rangel
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Correspondence to Vera L. M. Huszar.

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Handling editor: David Philip Hamilton

Luciana M. Rangel and Lúcia H. S. Silva contributed equally to this work.

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Rangel, L.M., Silva, L.H.S., Rosa, P. et al. Phytoplankton biomass is mainly controlled by hydrology and phosphorus concentrations in tropical hydroelectric reservoirs. Hydrobiologia 693, 13–28 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-012-1083-3

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