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Identity and Native Species Conservation: Similar Historical Ecologies from Idaho to Spain

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Notes

  1. For more information on Nez Perce history, see McWhorter (1992).

  2. For more information on treaties and the Nez Perce War, see Beal (1975). For information on hunting and gathering practices of aboriginal Nez Perce, see Josephy (1971).

  3. In recent years, tourism has become the main economic activity for most of the population in the Cabo de Gata-Nijar Natural Park. Employment in the mass-tourism industry and intensive irrigated agriculture has increased in the Park’s surroundings, enticing many younger local people to move outside the Park to seek work.

  4. For more information on the USFWS’s ESA new rule and the state of Idaho’s compliance see the Memorandum of Agreement Between The Secretary of the Interior and the state of Idaho.

  5. In 2010, 90 cattle and 147 sheep died due to wolf depredations (Holyan et al. 2011); Idaho produced 2,200,000 million cattle and 185,000 sheep the same year (Idaho State Department of Agriculture 2011).

  6. For more information on wolf reintroduction, management, legislation, and status in Idaho, see the Nez Perce website link <http://www.nezperce.org/Official/wildlifeprogram.htm> and the Idaho DFG website link <http://fishandgame.idaho.gov/cms/wildlife/wolves/>.

  7. Studies in other locations, such as South America, sometimes refer to this phenomenon as ‘Utopian migrations’ (Vaschetto 2006).

  8. Those areas with species of scientific interest, such as migrant or rare native bird communities (e.g., Great Flamingos (Phoenicopterus roseus), Dupont’s Lark (Chersophilus duponti)), or threatened native plants (e.g., Antirrhinum charidemi, Androcymbium europaeum), were considered of great natural value and came under the strongest restrictions.

  9. In recent years, the Andalusian Government has been purchasing private lands as a strategy to improve conservation management. Park managers acknowledge that acquired lands mostly belong to large landowners who were able to offer larger plots at a lower price.

  10. Quotations in this section are translated from Spanish.

  11. References can be found online in local magazines such as El Eco del Parque (http://www.cabodegata.net/eseco.html) and national newspapers such as El País (www.elpais.com).

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Acknowledgements

An earlier version of this paper was presented at a panel entitled ‘Indigenous Natural Resource Management and Environment’ (Harvey A Feit, organizer) at the 2010 annual meeting of the American Anthropological Association in New Orleans, Louisiana. We thank Sean Gould for the many insights he provided on the material presented here and for his superb editing. We also thank Dr. Nick Sanyal and Dr. Leslie Sponsel for their comments.

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Correspondence to Jose A. Cortes-Vazquez.

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Cortes-Vazquez, J.A., Zedalis, M. Identity and Native Species Conservation: Similar Historical Ecologies from Idaho to Spain. Hum Ecol 41, 937–945 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10745-013-9570-3

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