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The phagocytic role of macrophage following myocardial infarction

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Abstract

Myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the cardiovascular diseases with high morbidity and mortality. MI causes large amounts of apoptotic and necrotic cells that need to be efficiently and instantly engulfed by macrophage to avoid second necrosis. Phagocytic macrophages can dampen or resolve inflammation to protect infarcted heart. Phagocytosis of macrophages is modulated by various factors including proteins, receptors, lncRNA and cytokines. A better understanding of mechanisms in phagocytosis will be beneficial to regulate macrophage phagocytosis capability towards a desired direction in cardioprotection after MI. In this review, we describe the phagocytosis effect of macrophages and summarize the latest reported signals regulating phagocytosis after MI, which will provide a new thinking about phagocytosis-dependent cardiac protection after MI.

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Abbreviations

ABs:

Apoptotic bodies

BMDM:

Bone marrow-derived macrophage

BMP2:

Bone morphogenetic protein 2

C1qa:

Complement pathway activators

CCL2:

C-C motif chemokine ligand 2

CCR2:

C-C chemokine receptor type 2

CD36:

Cluster of differentiation 36

CD47:

Cluster of differentiation 47

CD86:

Cluster of differentiation 86

CDC:

Cardiosphere-derived cells

CX3CR1:

C-X3-C motif chemokine receptor 1

CXCL4:

Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 4

DAMPs:

Danger-associated molecular patterns

EDIL3:

EGF-like repeats and discoidin I-like domain 3

ERK:

Extracellular signal-regulated kinase

EVs:

Extracellular vesicles

exos:

Exosomes

FPR1:

Formyl peptide receptor 1

FPR2:

Formyl peptide receptor 2

GAS6:

Growth arrest-specific gene 6

HLA-DR:

Human leukocyte antigen DR

IL-4:

Interleukin-4

IL-10:

Interleukin-10

IL-1β:

Interleukin-1β

IFN-γ:

Interferon gamma

I/R:

Ischemia/reperfusion

iRhom2:

Inactive rhomboid protein 2

IRF4:

Interferon regulatory factor 4

ITIM:

Immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motif

KDM3A:

Lysine-specific demethylase 3A

LC3-II:

Microtubule-associated protein light chain 3-II

Lgmn:

Legumain

LV:

Left ventricular

MCP-1:

Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1

M-CSF:

Macrophage colony-stimulating factor

MerTK:

Myeloid-epithelial-reproductive tyrosine kinase

MFG-E8:

Milk fat globule epidermal growth factor-like factor 8

MHCII:

Major histocompatibility complex class II

MI:

Myocardial infarction

MMP9:

Matrix metalloproteinase-9

Wnt1:

Wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 1

MSC:

Mesenchymal stem cell

MVs:

Microvesicles

MyS3KO:

Myeloid cell-specific Smad3 knockout mice

NEAT1:

Nuclear enriched abundant transcript 1

NET:

Neutrophil extracellular trap

Nr4a1:

Nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 1

OPN:

Osteopontin

PAR2:

Protease-activated receptor 2

PTEN:

Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10

PKCδ:

Protein kinase C δ

PS:

Phosphatidyl serine

PTX3:

Pentraxin-3

RhoA:

Ras homolog gene family, member A

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

RvD1:

Resolvin D1

S100A9:

S100 calcium binding protein A9

scRNA-seq :

Single-cell RNA-sequencing

SIRPα:

Signal regulatory protein-α

Smad3:

Sma-and Mad-related protein 3

SPMs:

Specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators

STAT3:

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3

STAT6:

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 6

TGF-β:

Transforming growth factor-β

TNF-α:

Tumor necrosis factor α

TRPV2:

Transient receptor potential vanilloid 2

VEGFA:

Vascular endothelial growth factor A

VEGFC:

Vascular endothelial growth factor C

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Funding

This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82074053, 81930114, U22A20368), Scientific Program of Traditional Chinese Medicine Bureau of Guangdong Province (20231101), Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province (No. 2020B1111100004), University Research Program of Guangdong Provincial Department Education (2021ZDZX1010), the 2020 Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Strategy Special Fund (Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab, 2020B1212030006).

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  1. Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China

    Jiahua Li, Qi Chen, Rong Zhang, Zhongqiu Liu & Yuanyuan Cheng

  2. Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab On Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou Univ Chinese Med, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China

    Jiahua Li, Rong Zhang, Zhongqiu Liu & Yuanyuan Cheng

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Jiahua Li and Qi Chen: writing—original draft preparation. Rong Zhang: manuscript revision. Zhongqiu Liu and Yuanyuan Cheng: manuscript design, supervision and revision.

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Li, J., Chen, Q., Zhang, R. et al. The phagocytic role of macrophage following myocardial infarction. Heart Fail Rev 28, 993–1007 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10741-023-10314-5

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