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The role and molecular mechanism of epigenetics in cardiac hypertrophy

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Abstract

Cardiac hypertrophy is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease, including heart failure, arrhythmia, and sudden death. Cardiac hypertrophy involves both embryonic gene expression and transcriptional reprogramming, which are tightly regulated by epigenetic mechanisms. An increasing number of studies have demonstrated that epigenetics plays an influential role in the occurrence and development of cardiac hypertrophy. Here, we summarize the latest research progress on epigenetics in cardiac hypertrophy involving DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNA, to help understand the mechanism of epigenetics in cardiac hypertrophy. The expression of both embryonic and functional genes can be precisely regulated by epigenetic mechanisms during cardiac hypertrophy, providing a substantial number of therapeutic targets. Thus, epigenetic treatment is expected to become a novel therapeutic strategy for cardiac hypertrophy. According to the research performed to date, epigenetic mechanisms associated with cardiac hypertrophy remain far from completely understood. Therefore, epigenetic mechanisms require further exploration to improve the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cardiac hypertrophy.

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Abbreviations

Chaer:

cardiac hypertrophy–associated epigenetic regulator

Csx/Nkx2.5:

NK2 homeobox 5

DNMT:

DNA methyltransferase

ET-1:

endothelin-1

GATA4:

GATA binding protein 4

HAT:

histone acetyltransferase

HDAC:

histone deacetylase

HMT:

histone methyltransferase

H3K4me3:

H3-lysine-4 trimethylation

H3K4me2:

H3-lysine-4 dimethylation

H3K9me1:

H3-lysine-9 monomethylation

H3K9me2:

H3-lysine-9 dimethylation

H3K9me3:

H3-lysine-9 trimethylation

H3S10:

histone H3 serine-10

MEF2:

myocyte enhancer factor-2

Mhrt:

myosin heavy chain associated RNA transcript

Ncx1:

solute carrier family 8 member A1

TET:

ten-eleven translocation

TAC:

transverse aortic constriction

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This work was supported by National Nature Scientific Funding of China (No. 81672264, 81871858).

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  1. Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China

    Hao Lei, Jiahui Hu, Kaijun Sun & Danyan Xu

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Hao Lei and Danyan Xu initiated this review, read lots of literature, and wrote the manuscript. Other authors revised our first draft and provided valuable comments. All authors read the manuscript and approved it.

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Lei, H., Hu, J., Sun, K. et al. The role and molecular mechanism of epigenetics in cardiac hypertrophy. Heart Fail Rev 26, 1505–1514 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10741-020-09959-3

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