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Genome-wide analysis of gene expression in human embryonic tooth germ

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Abstract

While numerous genes that play important regulatory roles during tooth development in mice have been identified, little is known about gene expression profile and their function during human odontogenesis. To unveil expression profile of odontogenic genes in humans, we conducted genome-wide gene expression analysis by microarray assays to analyze differential gene expression between tooth germ and lip tissue from 11-week old human fetuses. We identified 167 genes that are strongly expressed in the cap stage tooth germ as compared to the lip tissue. Among them, 145 genes were further identified by gene ontology enrichment analysis that are highly represented in multiple gene ontology classes, include extracellular components, sequence-specific DNA binding proteins, Wnt-protein binding molecules, system development, organogenesis, and cell differentiation. Sixty-seven genes that are known to be associated with mammalian tooth development and tooth abnormalities were identified. Real-time PCR was further employed to validate microarray data. Moreover, in situ hybridization assay demonstrated tooth type specific expression of ISL1 and BARX1 in the incisor, canine, and molar respectively, consistent with microarray results. Our results represent a set of reliable data that could provide a solid base for future elaboration of molecular mechanisms underlying human tooth development.

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Acknowledgments

We thank the Hospital for Women and Children of Fujian Province for providing aborted human embryonic tissues for this study. Grant sponsors: “973” Project (2010CB944800) from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China; Specific Research fund of the Doctoral Program of Higher Education, China (20093503110001); National Natural Science Foundation of China (81100730, 81271102).

Conflict of interest

None.

Ethical standard

Permission for the use of human fetus tissues in this study was granted by the Ethics Committee of Fujian Normal University.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Fujian Key Laboratory of Developmental and Neuro Biology, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350108, Fujian, People’s Republic of China

    Zhen Huang, Xuefeng Hu, Chensheng Lin, Suzhu Chen, Feng Huang & Yanding Zhang

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  1. Zhen Huang
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  2. Xuefeng Hu
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  3. Chensheng Lin
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  4. Suzhu Chen
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  5. Feng Huang
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  6. Yanding Zhang
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yanding Zhang.

Additional information

Zhen Huang and Xuefeng Hu contributed equally to this work.

Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

10735_2014_9580_MOESM1_ESM.pdf

Supplementary Table S1. A summary of genes that are strongly expressed in the developing tooth as compared to lip tissue. (PDF 14 kb)

10735_2014_9580_MOESM2_ESM.pdf

Supplementary Table S2. A table of detailed results of the cellular component by BIGNO analysis. The table contains more detailed results. Apart from a listing of the analysis options, the table contains the (adjusted) p value for each significantly overrepresented GO class. The number of genes in the test set is annotated to that class and their identity, and the number of genes is annotated to that class in the reference set. (PDF 4 kb)

10735_2014_9580_MOESM3_ESM.pdf

Supplementary Table S3. A table of detailed results of the molecular function by BIGNO analysis. The table contains more detailed results. Apart from a listing of the analysis options, the table contains the (adjusted) p value for each significantly overrepresented GO class. The number of genes in the test set is annotated to that class and their identity, and the number of genes is annotated to that class in the reference set. (PDF 2 kb)

10735_2014_9580_MOESM4_ESM.pdf

Supplementary Table S4. A table of detailed results of the biological process by BIGNO analysis. The table contains more detailed results. Apart from a listing of the analysis options, the table contains the (adjusted) p value for each significantly overrepresented GO class, the number of genes in the test set is annotated to that class and their identity, and the number of genes is annotated to that class in the reference set. (PDF 13 kb)

Supplementary Figure S1. The full–size image of Fig. 5. (PDF 125 kb)

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Huang, Z., Hu, X., Lin, C. et al. Genome-wide analysis of gene expression in human embryonic tooth germ. J Mol Hist 45, 609–617 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10735-014-9580-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10735-014-9580-5

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