Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Triacontanol-mediated regulation of growth and other physiological attributes, active constituents and yield of Mentha arvensis L.

  • Original paper
  • Published:
Plant Growth Regulation Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Triacontanol (TRIA) has been realized as a potent plant growth promoting substance for a number of agricultural and horticultural crops. Out of a large number of essential oil bearing plants, mint (Mentha arvensis L.) constitutes the most important source of therapeutic agents used in the alternative systems of medicine. The mint plant has marvelous medicinal properties. In view of enhancing growth, yield and quality of this medicinally important plant, a pot experiment was conducted according to simple randomized block design. The experiment was aimed at studying the effect of four concentrations of TRIA (10−0, 10−7, 10−6 and 10−5 M) on the performance of mint with regard to growth and other physiological attributes, crop yield and quality attributes and the yield and contents of active constituents of the plant. The growth and other physiological parameters as well as yield and quality attributes were studied at 100 and 120 DAP. The foliar application of TRIA at 10−6 M concentration significantly enhanced most of the growth and other physiological attributes, crop herbage yield and the yield and content of active constituents (menthol, l-methone, isomenthone and menthyl acetate) of mint at both the stages. However, the next higher concentration of TRIA (10−5 M) exhibited slightly negative effect and did not further increase the values of the attributes studied, but it proved significantly better than the control. Application of TRIA significantly enhanced the yield and content of all the active constituents determined by GLC technique.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Afaq SH, Tajuddin, Siddiqui MMH (1994) Standardization of herbal drugs. A.M.U. Press, Aligarh

    Google Scholar 

  • Aftab T, Khan MMA, Idrees M, Naeem M, Singh M, Ram M (2010) Stimulation of crop productivity, photosynthesis and artemisinin production in Artemisia annua L. by triacontanol and gibberellic acid application. J Plant Interact 4:273–281

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Balyan SS, Pal S, Prabhu D (1994) Triacontanol effect on growth and yield parameters on CKP-25 variety lemongrass. Indian Perfum 38:60–64

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bhattacharya AK, Rao BR (1996) Effect of triacontanol and mixatalol on rose scented geranium (Pelargonium sp.). J Essent Oil Res 8:383–388

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Burbott AJ, Loomis WD (1967) Effects of light and temperature on the monoterpenes of pepper mint. Plant Physiol 42:20–28

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chand S, Patra NK, Anwar M, Patra DD (2004) Agronomy and uses of menthol mint (Mentha arvensis)—Indian perspective. Proc Indian Natural Sci Acad B70(3):269–297

    Google Scholar 

  • Chaudhary BR, Sharma MD, Shakya SM, Gautam DM (2006) Effect of plant growth regulators on growth, yield and quality of chilli (Capsicum annum L.) at Rampur, Chitwan. J Inst Agric Anim Sci 27:65–68

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen X, Yuan H, Chen R, Zhu L, He G (2003) Biochemical and photochemical changes in response to triacontanol in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Plant Growth Regul 40:249–256

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Clark RJ, Menary RC (1980) Environmental effects on peppermint (Mentha piperita L.). II. Effects of temperature on photosynthesis, photorespiration and dark respiration in peppermint with reference to oil composition. Aust J Plant Physiol 7:693–697

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dimitrios B (2006) Sources of natural phenolic antioxidants. Trends Food Sci Technol 17:505–512

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dwivedi RS, Randhawa NS (1974) Evaluation of rapid test for the hidden hunger of zinc in plants. Plant Soil 40:445–451

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Farooqi AHA, Sharma S (1988) Effect of growth retardants on growth and essential oil content in Japanese mint. Plant Growth Regul 7:39–45

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fiske CH, Subba Row Y (1925) The colorimetric determination of phosphorus. J Biol Chem 66:375–400

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Giridhar P, Rajasekara T, Ravishanka GA (2005) Improvement of growth and root specific flavour compound 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy benzaldehyde of micropropagated plants of Decalepis hamiltonii Wight & Arn., under triacontanol treatment. Scientia Hort 106:228–236

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guenther E (1972) The essential oils: history-origin in plants production-analysis, vol 1. Robert E. Krieger Publishing Company, Huntington

    Google Scholar 

  • Gupta S, Kumar A, Khosla MK (1995) Physiological analysis of growth in Ocimum carnosum L.K. et. Otto. with triacontanol treatment. Indian Perfum 39:107–111

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Idrees M, Khan MMA, Aftab T, Naeem M (2010) Synergistic effects of gibberellic acid and triacontanol on growth, physiology, enzyme activities and essential oil content of Coriandrum sativum L. The Asian Aust J Plant Sci Biotechnol 4:24–29

    Google Scholar 

  • Ivanov AG, Angelov MN (1997) Photosynthesis response to triacontanol correlates with increased dynamics of mesophyll protoplast and chloroplast membranes. Plant Growth Regul 21:145–152

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jenkins GL, Knevel AM, Digangi FE (1967) Quantitative pharmaceutical chemistry, 6th edn. McGraw Hill Book Company, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Kewalanand, Singh JN, Pandey CS (1998) Effect of plant growth regulators on the growth, herbage and oil yield of Japanese mint (Mentha arvensis) and its economics there from. J Med Arom Plant Sci 20:725–730

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Khan MMA, Mujibur-Rahman M, Naeem M, Mohammad F, Siddiqui MH, Khan MN (2006) Triacontanol-induced changes in the growth yield and quality of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). Electron J Environ Agric Chem 5:1492–1499

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Khan R, Khan MMA, Singh M, Nasir S, Naeem M, Siddiqui MH, Mohammad F (2007) Gibberellic acid and triacontanol can ameliorate the optimum yield and morphine production in opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.). Acta Agric Scand Section B Soil Plant Sci 57:307–312

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Khan MMA, Bhardwaj G, Naeem M, Moinuddin, Mohammad F, Singh M, Nasir S, Idrees M (2009) Response of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) to application of potassium and triacontanol. Acta Hort (ISHS) 823:199–207

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Knowles NR, Ries SK (1981) Rapid growth and apparent total nitrogen increases in rice and corn plants following applications of triacontanol. Plant Physiol 68:1279–1284

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kumaravelu G, David LV, Ramanujam MP (2000) Triacontanol-induced changes in the growth, photosynthetic pigments, cell metabolites, flowering and yield of green gram. Biol Planta 43:287–290

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lichtenthaler HK, Buschmann C (2001) Extraction of photosynthetic tissues: chlorophylls and carotenoids. Curr Protoc Food Anal Chem F4.2.1–F4.2.6

  • Lindner RC (1944) Rapid analytical methods for some of the more common inorganic constituents of the plant tissues. Plant Physiol 19:76–89

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maia NB, Bovi OA, Zullo MAT, Perecin MB, Granja NP, Carmello QAC, Robaina C, Coll F (2004) Hydroponic cultivation of mint and vetiver with spirostane analogues of brassinosteroids. Acta Hortic (ISHS) 644:55–59

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Misra A, Srivastava NK (1991) Effects of the triacontanol formulations “Miraculan” on photosynthesis, growth, nutrient uptake, and essential oil yield of lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus) Steud, Watts. Plant Growth Regul 10:57–63

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Misra PN, Hasan SA, Kumar S (2000) Cultivation of aromatic plants in India, 1st edn. Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP), Lucknow

    Google Scholar 

  • Muthuchelian K, Velayutham M, Nedunchezhian N (2003) Ameliorating effect of triacontanol on acidic mist-treated Erythrina variegata seedlings changes in growth and photosynthetic activities. Plant Sci 165:1253–1257

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Naeem M, Khan MN (2005) Effect of foliar spray of triacontanol on growth performance of hyacinth bean. Bionotes 7:62

    Google Scholar 

  • Naeem M, Khan MMA, Moinuddin, Siddiqui MH (2009) Triacontanol stimulates nitrogen-fixation, enzyme activities, photosynthesis, crop productivity and quality of hyacinth bean (Lablab purpureus L.). Sci Hortic 121:389–396

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Naeem M, Idrees M, Aftab T, Khan MMA, Moinuddin (2010) Changes in photosynthesis enzyme activities and production of anthraquinone and sennoside content of coffee senna (Senna occidentalis L.) by triacontanol Internat. J Plant Develop Biol 4:53–59

    Google Scholar 

  • Novozamsky I, Houba VJG, van Eck R, van Vark W (1983) A noval digestion technique for multi-element plant analysis. Commun Soil Sci Plant Anal 14:239–248

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Okabe K, Lindlar A, Tsuzuki M, Miyachi S (1980) Effects of carbonic anhydrase on ribulose 1,5-biphosphate carboxylase and oxygenenase. FEBS Lett 114:142–144

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ries SK (1985) Regulation of plant growth with triacontanol. Critical Rev Plant Sci 2:239–285

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ries S (1991) Triacontanol and its second messenger 9-β-L(+)-adenosine as plant growth substances. Plant Physiol 95:986–989

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ries S, Houtz R (1983) Triacontanol as a plant growth regulator. HortScience 18:654–662

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ries S, Wert V, O’Leary NFD, Nair M (1990) 9-β-L(+)-adenosine: a new naturally occurring plant growth substance elicited by triacontanol in rice. Plant Growth Regul 9:263–273

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rorison IH, Spencer RE, Gupta PL (1993) Chemical analysis. In: Hendry GAE, Grime JP (eds) Methods in comparative plant ecology. Chapman and Hall, New York, pp 156–161

    Google Scholar 

  • Sadasivam S, Manickam A (2008) Biochemical methods, 3rd edn. New Age International (P) Ltd Publishers, New Delhi

    Google Scholar 

  • Sangwan NS, Farooqi AHA, Shabih F, Sangwan RS (2001) Regulation of essential oil production in plants. Plant Growth Regul 43:3–21

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Savithiry S, Wert V, Ries S (1992) Influence of 9-β-L(+)-adenosine on malate dehydrogenase activity in rice. Physiol Plant 84:460–466

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sharma MK, Joolka NK, Sharma N (2002) Effect of triacontanol and paclobutrazol on photosynthetic efficiency, carbohydrate metabolism and leaf nutrient status of nonpareil almond. Progress Hortic 34:117–118

    Google Scholar 

  • Sharma K, Kaur H, Thind SK (2006) Kinetin and triacontanol effects on leaf characteristics, nitrate reductase activity nodulation and yield in soybean Glycine max (L.) Merrill under reduced light intensity. Environ Ecol 24:426–429

    Google Scholar 

  • Shukla A, Farooqi AHA (1990) Utilization of plant growth regulators in aromatic plant production. Curr Res Med Arom Plants 12:152–157

    Google Scholar 

  • Shukla A, Farooqi AHA, Shukla YN, Sharma S (1992) Effect of triacontanol and chlormequat on growth, plant hormones and artemisinin yield in Artemisia annua L. Plant Growth Regul 11:165–171

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singh P, Misra A (2001) Influence of gibberellin and ethrel on growth chlorophyll content and enzyme activities and essential monoterpene oil in an efficient genotype of Mentha spicata var. MSS-5. J Med Arom Plant Sci 22 & 23:283–286

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh P, Srivastava NK, Mishra A, Sharma S (1999) Influence of ethrel and gibberellic acid on carbon metabolism, growth, essential oil accumulation in spearmint (Mentha spicata). Phtosynthetica 36:509–517

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Srivastava NK, Sharma S (1990) Effect of triacontanol on photosynthesis, alkaloid content and growth in opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.). Plant Growth Regul 9:65–71

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Srivastava NK, Sharma S (1991) Effect of triacontanol on photosynthetic characters and essential oil accumulation in Japanese mint (Mentha arvensis L.). Photosynthetica 25:55–60

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Swamy KN, Rao SSR (2009) Effect of 24-epibrassinolide on growth, photosynthesis and essential oil content of Pelargonium graveolens (L.) Herit. Russ J Plant Physiol 56:616–620

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Taiz L, Zeiger E (2004) Plant physiology, 4th edn. Sinauer Associates, Inc., Publishers, Sunderland

    Google Scholar 

  • Tassou CC, Nychas GJE, Skandamis PN (2004) Herbs and spices and antimicrobials. In: Peter KV (ed) Handbook of herbs and spices. Woodhead Publishing Limited, Abington, Cambridge, UK, pp 35–53

    Google Scholar 

  • The Wealth of India (1992) Raw materials. In: Ambusta CS (ed) Publication and information directorate, vol 2. CSIR, New Delhi, pp 349–352

    Google Scholar 

  • Youssef AA, Talaat IM (1998) Physiological effect of brassinosteroids and kinetin on the growth and chemical constituents of lavender plant. Ann Agric Sci (Cairo) 43:261–272

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

Financial support by the Science and Engineering Research Council, Department of Science & Technology, Government of India, New Delhi, for the award of Young Scientist to Dr. Mu. Naeem (Project No. SR/FT/LS-003/2008) is also gratefully acknowledged.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Botany, Plant Physiology Section, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202 002, India

    M. Naeem, M. Masroor A. Khan,  Moinuddin, Mohd. Idrees & Tariq Aftab

Authors
  1. M. Naeem
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. M. Masroor A. Khan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Moinuddin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Mohd. Idrees
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Tariq Aftab
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to M. Naeem.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Naeem, M., Khan, M.M.A., Moinuddin et al. Triacontanol-mediated regulation of growth and other physiological attributes, active constituents and yield of Mentha arvensis L.. Plant Growth Regul 65, 195–206 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10725-011-9588-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10725-011-9588-8

Keywords

Search

Navigation