Abstract
Chili pepper (Capsicum spp.) is an economically important crop in Indonesia. The popularity of extremely spicy cuisines has surged in recent years, making Capsicum frutescens L. the preferred cultivar for such purpose. To enhance breeding efforts for C. frutescens, we investigated traditional cultivars that possess desirable traits. In this study, we focused on Saha Mpida, a traditional cultivar from Bima in Sumbawa Island, known for its high pungency and small fruit size. Utilizing the genome sequence of Saha Mpida, we conducted a comparative analysis and identified two accessions from Brazil and one accession from Bolivia as its closest genetic relatives. The phenotypic descriptions further validated the resemblance between Saha Mpida and its genetic relatives. By analyzing DNA sequence variation in key genes involved in capsaicin biosynthesis, we uncovered numerous missense mutations. However, we did not identify any disruptive mutations that could obstruct capsaicin biosynthesis. Further investigations, especially on gene expression level and enzyme activities, are necessary to identify the specific genes responsible for the elevated capsaicin content in Saha Mpida. Unveiling the genetic determinants underlying this unique trait will facilitate marker-assisted breeding approaches and contribute to the development of improved C. frutescens cultivars with enhanced pungency, fruit quality, and adaptability to diverse agro-climatic conditions. In addition, the publicly available genome sequence data will enrich the data pool of genomic diversity of Capsicum spp. worldwide.
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This study was funded by the National Budget of Indonesian Center for Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Research and Development, Ministry of Agriculture, for fiscal year 2018.
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Conception of the work: DS, TPP, PL, MS, S, AF and KM Wrote the methodology: DS, KN, RTT, F, RK, PL and KM Formal analysis and investigation: DS, KN and RTT Wrote the original draft preparation: DS, RTT, F, RK and KM. Wrote the review and editing: DS, KN, RTT, RK, TPP, PL, MS, S, AF and KM Funding acquisition: TPP and KM Resources: KN, F and RK Supervision: TPP, PL, MS, S and AF.
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Satyawan, D., Nugroho, K., Terryana, R.T. et al. Surviving mutations: how an Indonesian Capsicum frutescens L. cultivar maintains capsaicin biosynthesis despite disruptive mutations. Genet Resour Crop Evol (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-023-01815-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-023-01815-1