Abstract
Indian Squill (Drimia indica) belonging to the family Asparagaceae is a highly medicinal herb with several therapeutic properties. The cytotaxonomic complexity of the species Drimia makes it intriguing to investigate ploidy variation in ecotype level and its significance in relation to genome size variation. Detailed karyotype analysis and 2C DNA contents were reported in twelve ecotypes of D. indica from different geographical locations of the state Odisha, India. The diploid somatic chromosome 2n = 2x = 20 was recorded in four ecotypes such as ‘Kendrapada’, ‘Tikarpada’, ‘Daspalla’, and ‘Odagaon, while tetraploid having 2n = 4x = 40 was newly reported in ecotype from ‘Nuagaon’. Aneuploid chromosome number 2n = 26 was obtained in ecotypes ‘Similipal’ and ‘Satkosia’ and 2n = 32 was newly reported in ecotypes ‘Bitarkanika’ and ‘Narasinghpur’. The ecotypes ‘Nayagarh’ and ‘Nilagiri’ were recorded with 2n = 16 and 2n = 22 respectively. The 2C DNA content analysis showed 2.19-fold increase which correlates with ploidy variation in ecotype level. The 2C DNA values were found highest of 36.26 pg (2n = 40) in ecotype ‘Nuagaon’ and lowest at 16.54 pg (2n = 16) in ecotype ‘Nayagarh’ that corresponds with ploidy and genome size. The asymmetry in the karyotypes showed non-significant clusters among the ecotypes except ecotypes ‘Odagaon’ and ‘Bhitarkanika’ which are most asymmetric having advanced karyotypic features as compared to the ecotypes ‘Simlipal’, ‘Karanjia’ and ‘Nayagarh’ having symmetric karyotypes. The chromosome characteristics along with genome size analysis of D. indica can be very useful in establishing genome-specific cytotypes which can be used for breeding programme for crop improvement. Furthermore, enhancement of therapeutic phyto-constituents, and cyto-taxonomic identification from adulterant and confirmation of alloploidy or autoploidy through genomic in situ hybridization could unravel the potential of this plants in relation to secondary metabolite production.
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Acknowledgements
We are grateful to Prof. A. Pahdi, Head, Department of English, Utkal University, for English correction of the manuscript. The internal standard materials received from Prof. J. Doležel, Institute of Experimental Botany, Olomouc, The Czech Republic used in flow cytometry is gratefully acknowledged. Administrative support of Utkal University and use of microscopic facilities developed under DSR-III, University Grant Commission, and FIST program, Govt. of India at Department of Botany is acknowledged to carry out the research. The use of the flow-cytometric facility in CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow is acknowledged. PP acknowledge the receipt of financial assistance from Biju Patnaik Research fellowship (No. ST-SCST-MISC-0054-2018/1152/ST dt. 26.02.2019), Science Technology Department, Govt. of Odisha. ABD acknowledges funding received under Emeritus Professorship from Human Resource Development Group, Council of Industrial Research (Scheme No. 21(1107)/20/EMR-II), Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of India.
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Financial assistance received from Science and Technology Department, Govt. of Odisha and CSIR, Govt. of India.
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ABD—Experimental design and concept of paper, karyogram data analysis, 2C data graph preparation and final manuscript editing; PP, SKD—Chromosome preparation, data recording, calculation, first draft manuscript preparation; SRJ—Flow-cytometry data recording, analysis and manuscript corrections; CP—Statistical analysis and photograph arrangement and text corrections.
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Patel, P., Dehery, S.K., Jena, S.N. et al. Chromosomal variations in twelve ecotypes of a medicinal plant Drimia indica (Roxb.) Jessop: karyotypes and 2C DNA content analysis. Genet Resour Crop Evol 71, 621–634 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-023-01645-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-023-01645-1