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Genetic diversity is enhanced in Wild × Cultivated hybrids of sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) despite multiple selection cycles for cultivated traits

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Abstract

Genetic diversity is enhanced by introgressing wild germplasm into breeding lines and populations. Such introgression, however, commonly introduces wild traits that must be removed by backcrossing and selection before lines are useful for elite breeding programs. Selection against wild characteristics is expected to reduce genetic diversity in introgressed lines. However, the effect of such selection on genetic diversity has not been evaluated for sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.). Therefore, genetic diversity was determined for 24 germplasm releases derived from cultivated sugarbeet × wild sea beet [B. vulgaris subsp. maritima (L.) Arcang.] crosses after multiple selection cycles for cultivated traits and compared to the diversity of their wild parents and cultivated sugarbeet lines using simple sequence repeat (SSR) analysis. Diversity in germplasm derived from wild × cultivated hybrids was intermediate of wild and cultivated lines in observed heterozygosity, inbreeding coefficient, and the number of alleles, private alleles, and low frequency alleles. Principal component and neighbor joining analyses demonstrated that wild × cultivated-derived germplasm shared greater similarity with cultivated germplasm than to their wild parents, while STRUCTURE analysis indicated that wild × cultivated-derived germplasm was an admixture of wild and cultivated-derived germplasm. Diversity, therefore, was enhanced in germplasm derived from wild × cultivated hybrids, although selection for cultivated traits reduced the diversity added by introgression with wild accessions. Nevertheless, the enhanced genetic diversity in germplasm releases derived from wild × cultivated hybrids identify these lines as a resource for unique genes and alleles to improve crop productivity, adaptation, and disease tolerance in sugarbeet.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank John Eide for technical assistance and the Beet Sugar Development Foundation for partial financial support of this research. Mention of trade names or commercial products is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer.

Funding

This research was partially funded by a grant from the Beet Sugar Development Foundation, Denver, CO, USA.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. USDA-ARS, Edward T. Schafer Agricultural Research Center, ETSARC, NCSL, 1616 Albrecht Blvd. N., Fargo, ND, 58102-2765, USA

    Karen K. Fugate & Larry G. Campbell

  2. Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI, 53705, USA

    Giovanny Covarrubias-Pazaran & Juan Zalapa

  3. Southeastern Fruit & Tree Nut Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 21 Dunbar Rd, Byron, GA, 31008, USA

    Lorraine Rodriguez-Bonilla

  4. USDA-ARS, Vegetable Crops Research Unit, 1575 Linden Dr, Madison, WI, 53705, USA

    Juan Zalapa

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  1. Karen K. Fugate
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  4. Lorraine Rodriguez-Bonilla
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  5. Juan Zalapa
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Correspondence to Karen K. Fugate.

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Data is available in the supplemental files, Online Resource 1, Online Resource 2, and Online Resource 3.

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Fugate, K.K., Campbell, L.G., Covarrubias-Pazaran, G. et al. Genetic diversity is enhanced in Wild × Cultivated hybrids of sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) despite multiple selection cycles for cultivated traits. Genet Resour Crop Evol 68, 2549–2563 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-021-01149-w

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