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Spatial distribution of genetic variation of Stenocereus pruinosus (Otto) Buxb. in Mexico: analysing evidence on the origins of its domestication

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Abstract

We studied populations of Stenocereus pruinosus throughout Mexico, a species important for its edible fruit. The Tehuacán Valley is setting of ancient and the currently most active management of S. pruinosus; we hypothesized Tehuacán as the original area of domestication of S. pruinosus and expected to find there its highest genetic variation and original source of genes of cultivated plants. Through nuclear microsatellite loci we studied spatial distribution of genetic variation and population differentiation. We sampled wild and managed populations of the Central-western (Tehuacán, Central Valleys and Tehuantepec, Oaxaca), north-eastern (Huasteca) and south-eastern (Chiapas) regions. Differences among regions and populations were compared through homogeneity and exact test for F IS , AMOVA, Bayesian analysis, and genetic barriers. A niche analysis allowed corroborating taxonomic identity of populations. The highest genetic diversity was in Tehuantepec (H E  = 0.841), decreasing towards the extremes of distribution (H E  = 0.242 in Huasteca, H E  = 0.254 in Chiapas). Genetic structure is significantly high among populations and regional groups, differentiating one group formed by northern and southern populations and other formed by populations of the Central-western region. Differences among groups suggested that populations from Huasteca could be species different to S. pruinosus, but the niche analysis did not support such hypothesis. Populations from Tehuantepec were different but genetically interconnected with those of Tehuacán. Tehuantepec is the main reservoir of genetic diversity of wild populations of S. pruinosus, but Tehuacán is the principal current area of domestication of S. pruinosus and probably where its domestication originated. Conclusions would be stronger by analyzing DNAc lineages.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank the Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, UNAM and CONACYT, Mexico for ease PhD studies of FP and HRC. We also thank DGAPA UNAM (Project IN209214) CONACYT (research project CB-2013-01-221800) and partial fellowship for Postgraduate Thesis of Red Latinoamericana de Botánica for financial support, as well as Edgar Pérez-Negrón for field work assistance.

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  1. Centro de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro 8711, 58190, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico

    Fabiola Parra, Alejandro Casas, Víctor Rocha, Antonio González-Rodríguez, Hernando Rodríguez-Correa & Janet Tovar

  2. Jardín Botánico, Instituto de Biología, UNAM, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, Mexico, D.F., Mexico

    Salvador Arias-Montes

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  1. Fabiola Parra
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  2. Alejandro Casas
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Correspondence to Alejandro Casas.

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Parra, F., Casas, A., Rocha, V. et al. Spatial distribution of genetic variation of Stenocereus pruinosus (Otto) Buxb. in Mexico: analysing evidence on the origins of its domestication. Genet Resour Crop Evol 62, 893–912 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-014-0199-x

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