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Using diversity of the chloroplast genome to examine evolutionary history of wheat species

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Abstract

Chloroplast microsatellites (SSRs) are conserved within wheat species, yet are sufficiently polymorphic between and within species to be useful for evolutionary studies. This study describes the relationships among a very large set of accessions of Triticum urartu Thum. ex Gandil., T. dicoccoides (Körn. ex Asch. et Graebn.) Schweinf., T. dicoccon Schrank, T. durum Desf., T. spelta L., and T. aestivum L. s. str. based on their cpSSR genotypes. By characterising the chloroplast diversity in each wheat species in the evolutionary series, the impact on diversity of major evolutionary events such as domestication and polyploidyisation was assessed. We detected bottlenecks associated with domestication, polyploidisation and selection, yet these constrictions were partially offset by mutations in the chloroplast SSR loci that generated new alleles. The discrete cpSSR alleles and haplotypes observed in T. urartu and Aegilops tauschii, combined with other species specific polymorphisms, provide very strong evidence that concur with current opinion that neither species was the maternal and thus cytoplasmic donor for polyploid wheats. Synthetic hexaploid wheats possessed the same chloroplast haplotypes as their tetraploid progenitors demonstrating how the novel synthetic wheat lines have captured chloroplast diversity from the maternal parents, the chloroplast is maternally inherited and novel alleles are not created by genomic rearrangements triggered by the polyploidisation event.

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Acknowledgments

This work was funded by the Natural Environment Research Council as part of the consortium project ‘The Domestication of Europe’. We thank the project partners at the University of Cambridge and University of Sheffield for helpful advice.

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Author notes

  1. Hugo R. Oliveira

    Present address: IFM—Biology, Linköpings Universitet, 581 83, Linköping, Sweden

  2. Jon White

    Present address: UCL Genetics Institute, UCL, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK

  3. Wayne Powell

    Present address: IBERS, Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3EB, UK

Authors and Affiliations

  1. John Bingham Laboratory, National Institute of Agricultural Botany, Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, CB3 0LE, UK

    Fiona J. Leigh, Ian Mackay, Nicholas E. Gosman, Richard A. Horsnell, Huw Jones, Jon White & Wayne Powell

  2. Department of Archaeology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3DZ, UK

    Hugo R. Oliveira

  3. Faculty of Life Sciences, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK

    Terence A. Brown

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  1. Fiona J. Leigh
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  2. Ian Mackay
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Correspondence to Fiona J. Leigh.

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Leigh, F.J., Mackay, I., Oliveira, H.R. et al. Using diversity of the chloroplast genome to examine evolutionary history of wheat species. Genet Resour Crop Evol 60, 1831–1842 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-013-9957-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-013-9957-4

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