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Genetic relationships among wild and cultivated populations of peach palm (Bactris gasipaes Kunth, Palmae): evidence for multiple independent domestication events

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Abstract

We studied the genetic relationship among four wild and ten cultivated populations of peach palm (Bactris gasipaes Kunth) using five microsatellite markers. Peach palm populations were grouped into two major complexes based on morphological traits (see Mora-Urpí 1984, 1993): the Occidental group, including populations found north and west of the Andes Mountains, and the Oriental group, including populations in the Amazon Basin. The Oriental group is further divided into two subgroups, the upper and eastern Amazonia. We also studied two wild relatives of peach palm from the Maracaibo basin in Venezuela. All microsatellite loci were polymorphic and the total number of alleles across all loci was 64. The number of alleles observed per locus ranged from 9 (Bg51) to 16 (Bg63; Average = 12.8 ± 2.8 alleles per locus), while the average number of alleles per population was 31.8 ± 7.3. Our data also revealed that some alleles were common to populations from the same geographical region. A dendrogram based on Rogers and Tanimoto’s similarity coefficient revealed three main branches. The first branch is divided into two nodes and includes all populations from Occidental and Upper Amazonia groups; the second branch includes both populations from Eastern Amazonia, and the third branch includes both wild relatives from Maracaibo. All populations included in each node are neighbors within a geographic region, indicating that populations were finely clustered into their respective geographic groups. We propose that this clustering supports the hypothesis of several independent domestication events on both sides of the Andes, as proposed by Mora-Urpí (1993).

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Acknowledgments

We thank to Carlos Arroyo, Antonio Bogantes, Rigoberto Pizarro, and Carlos Garita from the Diamantes Experimental Station (Guápiles, Costa Rica) for their help during the work in the field, and Gabriel Aguilar, Luis Castro, Julieta Fernández and Gloriana Álvarez for their support in the laboratory. This work was supported by the Vicerrectoria de Investigacion of the Universidad de Costa Rica and was made possible thank to equipment donated by International foundation for Science (grant IFS-1497), CR-USA Foundation, General Direction for International Cooperation (DGCI, Brussels, Belgium) and International Plant Genetic Resources Institute.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, Ciudad Universitaria “Rodrigo Facio”, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, San José, Costa Rica

    José Alfredo Hernández-Ugalde, Jorge Mora-Urpí & Oscar J. Rocha

  2. Oficina Técnica de la Comisión Nacional para la Gestión de la Biodiversidad (CONAGEBio), Ministerio del Ambiente, Energía y Telecomunicaciones, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, San José, Costa Rica

    José Alfredo Hernández-Ugalde

  3. Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, 256 Cunningham Hall, Kent, Ohio, 44242, USA

    Oscar J. Rocha

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  1. José Alfredo Hernández-Ugalde
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Correspondence to Oscar J. Rocha.

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José A. Hernández-Ugalde and Oscar J. Rocha would like to dedicate this manuscript in memory of Jorge Mora-Urpí. He dedicated his life to the study of plant genetic resources; in particular, he pioneered the study of the utilization and cultivation of peach palm. He participated in many collecting expedition throughout the range of this species, and started the most important germplasm collection of peach palm at Los Diamantes Experimental Station. Furthermore, he inspired a large group of scientists in the fields of soil science, plant physiology, plant pathology, entomology, food science, genetics, ecology, economics, and engineering to improve our knowledge of this species.

Jorge Mora-Urpí: Deceased.

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Hernández-Ugalde, J.A., Mora-Urpí, J. & Rocha, O.J. Genetic relationships among wild and cultivated populations of peach palm (Bactris gasipaes Kunth, Palmae): evidence for multiple independent domestication events. Genet Resour Crop Evol 58, 571–583 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-010-9600-6

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