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Mitochondrial genome diversity in Beta vulgaris L. ssp. vulgaris (Leaf and Garden Beet Groups) and its implications concerning the dissemination of the crop

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Abstract

Four mitochondrial minisatellites were used to study cytoplasmic diversity in leaf and garden beet germplasm resources. Eleven multi-locus haplotypes were identified, of which one (named mitochondrial minisatellite haplotype 4, hereafter min04) was associated with male-sterile Owen cytoplasm and two others (min09 and min18), with a normal fertile cytoplasm. European leaf beet germplasm exhibited the greatest haplotype diversity, with min09 and min18 predominating. In North African leaf beet accessions, only these two haplotypes were observed, making it likely that North African accessions were descended from European genotypes. The prevalence of min18 was also noted in leaf beet from the Middle East and western Asia. Such a pattern contrasts with that found in east Asian leaf beet where the two haplotypes were extremely rare. The geographical structure of the mitochondrial haplotypes allowed us to infer possible dissemination pathways of leaf beet. Additionally, we showed that mitochondrial genome diversity was low in garden beet germplasm, with min18 being highly predominant. An explanation of this limited diversity may lie in the geographically restricted origin of as well as relatively short cultivation histories of garden beet.

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Acknowledgments

D. C. was a recipient of grants from a Chinese Government Supported Researchers Program and the Japan International Science and Technology Exchange Center (JISTEC). The authors wish to thank The Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), USDA Agriculture Research Service, Sakata Seed Co. Ltd, Takii & Co. Ltd, Kajita Seed Co. Ltd (Japan), NIAS (National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences) Genebank, and Dr. S. Kurihara-Yonemoto (National Agricultural Research Center for Hokkaido Region, Sapporo, Japan) for providing seeds of cultivated Beta germplasm. This work was supported in part by Grants-in-aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan, a Grant from the Program for Promotion of Basic Research Activities for Innovative Biosciences, Japan, and the Program for Promotion of Basic and Applied Researches for Innovation in Bio-oriented Industry (BRAIN).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, N-9, W-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan

    Dayou Cheng, Yu Yoshida, Kazuyoshi Kitazaki, Shinya Negoro, Tetsuo Mikami & Tomohiko Kubo

  2. School of Food Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, West Da-Zhi Street, 150001, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China

    Dayou Cheng & Dechang Xu

  3. Memuro Upland Farming Station, National Agricultural Research Center for Hokkaido Region (NARCH), Shinsei, Memuro, 082-0081, Japan

    Hiroyuki Takahashi

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  1. Dayou Cheng
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  2. Yu Yoshida
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  3. Kazuyoshi Kitazaki
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  4. Shinya Negoro
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  5. Hiroyuki Takahashi
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  6. Dechang Xu
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  7. Tetsuo Mikami
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  8. Tomohiko Kubo
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Correspondence to Tomohiko Kubo.

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Cheng, D., Yoshida, Y., Kitazaki, K. et al. Mitochondrial genome diversity in Beta vulgaris L. ssp. vulgaris (Leaf and Garden Beet Groups) and its implications concerning the dissemination of the crop. Genet Resour Crop Evol 58, 553–560 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-010-9598-9

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