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On the origin of artichoke and cardoon from the Cynara gene pool as revealed by rDNA sequence variation

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Abstract

The evolutionary history of artichoke and cultivated cardoon and their relationships to wild allies of the genus Cynara are not fully understood yet. To try resolve the evolutionary patterns leading to the domestication of these two crops, a study of molecular evolution was undertaken. The species C. cardunculus, including artichoke, cultivated and wild cardoon, together with four wild Cynara species were taken into consideration. Internal (ITS) and external (ETS) rDNA transcribed spacers were used as markers of nuclear genome, the psbA-trnH spacer as a marker of chloroplast genome. Sequences were analysed using phylogenetic analysis packages. Molecular data indicate that the whole genus is quite recent and that the domestication of artichoke and cultivated cardoon, crops diverging for reproduction system and use, are independent events which diverge in time and space. As for wild Cynara species, an evolutionary pattern consistent with their present geographical distribution was hypothesized in relation to the climatic changes occurring in the Mediterranean during the last 20 millennia: C. humilis and C. cornigera appeared to have differentiated first, C. syriaca and C. baetica were differentiated in a second period, while C. cardunculus showed to be the most recent and plastic species. The high plasticity of C. cardunculus has not only allowed its nowadays wide distribution, but has also given the potential for domestication.

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Acknowledgements

This research was partially funded by MIUR – Legge 449/97, Project SCRIGNO, and partially by CRA-MiPAF, Project ‘Implementazione Nazionale del Trattato Internazionale FAO Risorse Genetiche Vegetali’. The critical reading of the manuscript and constructive criticism of Dr. Cecilia Lanave (CNR-ITB, Bari, Italy) is acknowledged. The authors are grateful to Mr. Giuseppe Sonnante and Ms. Anita Morgese for their excellent technical assistance.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Plant Genetics, CNR, Via Amendola 165/A, 70126, Bari, Italy

    Gabriella Sonnante, Anna Vittoria Carluccio & Domenico Pignone

  2. Botanic Institute of Barcelona, CSIC-ICUB, Passeig del Migdia S/N, 08038, Barcelona, Spain

    Roser Vilatersana

Authors
  1. Gabriella Sonnante
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  2. Anna Vittoria Carluccio
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  3. Roser Vilatersana
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  4. Domenico Pignone
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Gabriella Sonnante.

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Dedicated to the memory of Richard Neville Lester (1937–2006) who greatly contributed to the understanding of the evolution, domestication, and genetic resources of eggplants as well as to the biosystematics and taxonomy of allied species.

IGV Publication N. 78 of the Institute of Plant Genetics, CNR

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Sonnante, G., Carluccio, A.V., Vilatersana, R. et al. On the origin of artichoke and cardoon from the Cynara gene pool as revealed by rDNA sequence variation. Genet Resour Crop Evol 54, 483–495 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-006-9199-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-006-9199-9

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