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Beyond \(\Lambda \)CDM with low and high redshift data: implications for dark energy

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Abstract

Assuming that the Universe at higher redshifts (\(z \sim 4\) and beyond) is consistent with \(\Lambda \)CDM model as constrained by the Planck measurements, we reanalyze the low redshift cosmological data to reconstruct the Hubble parameter as a function of redshift. This enables us to address the \(H_0\) and other tensions between low z observations and high z Planck measurement from CMB. From the reconstructed H(z), we compute the energy density for the “dark energy” sector of the Universe as a function of redshift without assuming a specific model for dark energy. We find that the dark energy density has a minimum for certain redshift range and that the value of dark energy at this minimum \({\rho }_{_{\text {DE}}}^{\text {min}}\) is negative. This behavior can most simply be described by a negative cosmological constant plus an evolving dark energy component. We discuss possible theoretical and observational implications of such a scenario.

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Notes

  1. That evolving and dynamical dark energy is necessitated by the data has also been discussed in [11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18].

  2. We note that similar reconstruction of dark energy properties have been extensively analyzed in the literature, e.g. see [21,22,23,24]. Our data analysis method and the data sets we consider here is different than these other works.

  3. In principle, one could have included a curvature term, \(\rho _C (1+z)^2\), especially in light of recent claims in [38]. We intend to study such a possibility in upcoming work.

  4. We have repeated the analysis with the model independent diameter distance measurements [39,40,41] and find that they do not change our results.

  5. Note that we are using Pade \(P_{2,2}\) parametrization only for \(0<z_{\text {match}}\lesssim 8\) region and for higher z one should use higher order Pade parametrization for better fit to actual model.

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to Ravi Sheth and Fernando Quevedo for fruitful discussions and Eoin O’Colgain, Hossein Yavartanoo, Maurice van Putten for comments on the draft. MMShJ was supported by the Grants from ICTP NT-04, INSF junior chair in black hole physics, Grant No 950124. AS, MMShJ and KD would like to thank the hospitality of the Abdus-Salam ICTP, Italy, where this project was initiated. Ruchika acknowledges the funding from CSIR, Govt. of India under Junior Research Fellowship.

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  1. Koushik Dutta

    Present address: Department of Physical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal, 741246, India

Authors and Affiliations

  1. SISSA, Via Bonomea 265, 34136, Trieste, Italy

    Anirban Roy

  2. Centre for Theoretical Physics, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India

    Ruchika & Anjan A. Sen

  3. School of Physics, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), P.O. Box 19395-5531, Tehran, Iran

    M. M. Sheikh-Jabbari

  4. The Abdus Salam ICTP, Strada Costiera 11, 34151, Trieste, Italy

    M. M. Sheikh-Jabbari

  5. Theory Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, HBNI, 1/AF Salt Lake, Kolkata, 700064, India

    Koushik Dutta

  6. Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe (IFPU), Via Beirut 2, 34014, Trieste, Italy

    Anirban Roy

  7. Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA

    Anirban Roy

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  1. Koushik Dutta
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Dutta, K., Roy, A., Ruchika et al. Beyond \(\Lambda \)CDM with low and high redshift data: implications for dark energy. Gen Relativ Gravit 52, 15 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10714-020-2665-4

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