Abstract
Egypt is currently seeking additional freshwater resources to support national reclamation projects based mainly on the Nubian aquifer groundwater resources. In this study, temporal (April 2002 to June 2016) Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE)-derived terrestrial water storage (TWSGRACE) along with other relevant datasets was used to monitor and quantify modern recharge and depletion rates of the Nubian aquifer in Egypt (NAE) and investigate the interaction of the NAE with artificial lakes. Results indicate: (1) the NAE is receiving a total recharge of 20.27 ± 1.95 km3 during 4/2002−2/2006 and 4/2008–6/2016 periods, (2) recharge events occur only under excessive precipitation conditions over the Nubian recharge domains and/or under a significant rise in Lake Nasser levels, (3) the NAE is witnessing a groundwater depletion of − 13.45 ± 0.82 km3/year during 3/2006–3/2008 period, (4) the observed groundwater depletion is largely related to exceptional drought conditions and/or normal baseflow recession, and (5) a conjunctive surface water and groundwater management plan needs to be adapted to develop sustainable water resources management in the NAE. Findings demonstrate the use of global monthly TWSGRACE solutions as a practical, informative, and cost-effective approach for monitoring aquifer systems across the globe.
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Abbreviations
- AAR:
-
Average annual rainfall
- AFWA:
-
Air Force Weather Agency
- AVHRR:
-
Advanced Very High-Resolution Radiometer
- CLM:
-
Community land model
- CMAP:
-
Climate Prediction Center Merged Analysis of Precipitation
- CRI:
-
Coastline resolution improvement
- DEM:
-
Digital elevation model
- DLR:
-
German Aerospace Center
- ETM:
-
Enhanced Thematic Mapper
- GDAS:
-
Global Data Assimilation System
- GIA:
-
Glacial isostatic adjustment
- GIS:
-
Geographic information system
- GLAS:
-
Geoscience Laser Altimeter System
- GLDAS:
-
Global Land Data Assimilation System
- GOES:
-
Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite
- GOHS:
-
Equipe Géodésie, Océanographie & Hydrologie Spatiales
- GPCC:
-
Global Precipitation Climatology Centre
- GPI:
-
GOES Precipitation Index
- GRACE:
-
Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment
- GRLM:
-
Global reservoir and lake monitoring
- GWS:
-
Groundwater storage
- JPL:
-
Jet Propulsion Laboratory
- LEGOS:
-
Laboratoire d’Etudes en Geodésie et Océanographie Spatiales
- LSM:
-
Land surface model
- Mascons:
-
Mass concentration
- MODIS:
-
MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer
- MSU:
-
Microwave sounding unit
- NAE:
-
Nubian aquifer in Egypt
- NASA:
-
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
- NCAR:
-
National Centre for Atmospheric Research
- NOAA:
-
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
- OLR:
-
Outgoing Longwave Radiation
- OPI:
-
OLR-based Precipitation Index
- SMS:
-
Soil moisture storage
- SSM/I:
-
Special Sensor Microwave/Imager
- SWS:
-
Surface water storage
- TM:
-
Thematic Mapper
- TWS:
-
Terrestrial water storage
- USDA-FAS:
-
U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Foreign Agricultural Service
- UT-CSR:
-
University of Texas Center for Space Research
- VIC:
-
Variable infiltration capacity
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Acknowledgements
This work was supported by NASA’s Earth Science Division Grant NNX12AJ94G to Western Michigan University. The authors thank the Editor-in-Chief and the anonymous reviewers of the Surveys in Geophysics for their instructive comments and suggestions.
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Ahmed, M., Abdelmohsen, K. Quantifying Modern Recharge and Depletion Rates of the Nubian Aquifer in Egypt. Surv Geophys 39, 729–751 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10712-018-9465-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10712-018-9465-3