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S1 satellite DNA repetitive units display identical structure and overall variability in all Anatolian brown frog taxa

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Abstract

S1 satellite DNA from Palearctic brown frogs has a species-specific structure in all European species. We characterized S1 satellite DNA from the Anatolian brown frogs Rana macrocnemis, R. camerani, and R. holtzi in order to define their taxonomic rank and the structure of this satellite in this frog lineage. Southern blots of genomic DNA digested with KpnI, EcoRV, NdeI, NheI, or StuI produced the same pattern of satellite DNA bands. Moreover, quantitative dot blots showed that this satellite DNA accounts for 0.1 % of the genome in all taxa. Analysis of the overall genomic variability of the S1a repeat sequence in specimens from various populations demonstrated that this repetitive unit also has the same size (476 bp), the same most common sequence (MCS) and the same overall variability in all three taxa, and also in R. macrocnemis tavasensis. The S1a repetitive unit presents three deletions of 9, 8 and 1 bp compared to the 494-bp S1a repeat from European frogs. The S1a MCS has three variable positions (sequence WWTK in positions 183–186), due to the presence of two repeat subpopulations with motifs AATG and WWTT in all taxa. Unlike previously analyzed mitochondrial and nuclear sequences that show considerable variations among these taxa, no difference could be detected in the structure and variability of the S1 satellite repetitive units. This suggests that these taxa should belong to a single species. Our results indicate that this satellite DNA variety probably formed when the Anatolian lineage radiated from common ancestor about 4 mya, and since then has maintained its structure in all four taxa examined.

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Abbreviations

bio-16-dUTP:

Biotin-16-2′-deoxy-uridine-5′-triphosphate

bp:

Base pair(s)

kb:

Kilobase(s) or 1000 bp

PCR:

Polymerase chain reaction

MCS:

Most common sequence

GCS:

Genomic consensus sequence

sat-proteins:

Satellite DNA-binding proteins

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful to G. Scillitani for valuable help during the field trip in Turkey, to M. Veith for providing DNA samples, and to B. Bruvo-Madarić for phylogenetic analyses.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Monte S. Angelo, Via Cinthia, 80126, Naples, Italy

    Orfeo Picariello

  2. Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy

    Isidoro Feliciello & Gianni Chinali

Authors
  1. Orfeo Picariello
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  2. Isidoro Feliciello
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  3. Gianni Chinali
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Correspondence to Orfeo Picariello.

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Picariello, O., Feliciello, I. & Chinali, G. S1 satellite DNA repetitive units display identical structure and overall variability in all Anatolian brown frog taxa. Genetica 144, 47–57 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10709-015-9877-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10709-015-9877-7

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