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Whole chromosome painting reveals independent origin of sex chromosomes in closely related forms of a fish species

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Abstract

The wolf fish Hoplias malabaricus includes well differentiated sex systems (XY and X1X2Y in karyomorphs B and D, respectively), a nascent XY pair (karyomorph C) and not recognized sex chromosomes (karyomorph A). We performed the evolutionary analysis of these sex chromosomes, using two X chromosome-specific probes derived by microdissection from the XY and X1X2Y sex systems. A putative-sex pair in karyomorph A was identified, from which the differentiated XY system was evolved, as well as the clearly evolutionary relationship between the nascent XY system and the origin of the multiple X1X2Y chromosomes. The lack of recognizable signals on the sex chromosomes after the reciprocal cross-FISH experiments highlighted that they evolved independently from non-homologous autosomal pairs. It is noteworthy that these distinct pathways occur inside the same nominal species, thus exposing the high plasticity of sex chromosome evolution in lower vertebrates. Possible mechanisms underlying this sex determination liability are also discussed.

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Abbreviations

2n:

Diploid number

DAPI:

4′,6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole

dNTP:

Deoxyribonucleotide triphosphate

DOP-PCR:

Degenerate oligonucleotide primed PCR

dUTP:

Deoxyuridine triphosphate

FISH:

Fluorescence in situ hybridization

Hm-X:

X chromosome-specific probe

Hm-X1 :

X1 chromosome-specific probe

SSC:

Sodium Chloride-Sodium Citrate buffer

PBS:

Phosphate-buffered saline

WCP:

whole chromosome probe

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Brazilian agencies FAPESP (Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo), CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico) and CAPES (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior). and the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología (pr. CGL2009-07754) co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil

    Marcelo de Bello Cioffi & Luiz Antonio Carlos Bertollo

  2. Departamento de Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain

    Antonio Sánchez & Juan Alberto Marchal

  3. Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Kollegiengasse 10, 07743, Jena, Germany

    Nadezda Kosyakova & Thomas Liehr

  4. Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia

    Vladimir Trifonov

Authors
  1. Marcelo de Bello Cioffi
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  2. Antonio Sánchez
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  3. Juan Alberto Marchal
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  4. Nadezda Kosyakova
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  5. Thomas Liehr
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  6. Vladimir Trifonov
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  7. Luiz Antonio Carlos Bertollo
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Correspondence to Marcelo de Bello Cioffi.

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de Bello Cioffi, M., Sánchez, A., Marchal, J.A. et al. Whole chromosome painting reveals independent origin of sex chromosomes in closely related forms of a fish species. Genetica 139, 1065–1072 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10709-011-9610-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10709-011-9610-0

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