Abstract
The morphological similarity of Elymus trachycaulus to the Eurasian E. caninus has often been noted. This has lead to controversial and contradicting taxonomic treatments. Nevertheless, there has been no systematic investigation on molecular genetic similarity between E. trachycaulus and E. caninus. In this study, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis was used to study the similarity between the two species. RAPD analysis of 38 samples representing E. caninus and E. trachycaulus complex yielded 111 interpretable RAPD bands. The Jaccard’s similarity values for E. caninus ranged from 0.38 between accessions H10345 and H10353 to 0.97 between accessions H8745 and H10096, with an average of 0.67. The Jaccard’s similarity values for E. trachycaulus complex ranged from 0.09 between E. trachycaulus ssp. subsecundus (PI 537321) and E. trachycaulus ssp. violaceus (PI 272612) to 0.78 between accessions PI 315368 and PI 372644, with an average of 0.43. The results from different analyses (NJ and PCA) were similar but not identical. The molecular genetic separation between E. caninus and E. trachycaulus was consistent. The PCA analysis clearly separated all E. caninus accessions from E. trachycaulus and its subspecies. The NJ analysis also showed separation between most accessions of E. caninus and E. trachycaulus. Further analysis excluding E. trachycaulus ssp. subsecundus and ssp. violaceus revealed that E. caninus species and E. trachycaulus species were clearly separated into two distinct groups. The RAPD data thus support the treatment of E. caninus and E. trachycaulus as distinct species. The analyses further indicate that E. violaceus is nested within E. trachycaulus, and more related to E. trachycaulus complex rather than to E. caninus.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
A.V. Agafonov B.R. Baum (1998) Variation of endosperm proteins in the complex of Elymus trachycaulus (Link) Gould ex Shinner A.A. Jaradat (Eds) Triticeae III Science Publishers, Inc New Hampshire, USA 273–282
T. Aung (1991) ArticleTitleIntergeneric hybrids between Hordeum vulgare and Elymus trachycaulus resistant to Russian wheat aphid Genome 34 954–960
K. Bachmann (1997) ArticleTitleNuclear DNA markers in plant biosystematic research Opera Botanica 132 137–148
M.E. Barkworth (1994) The Elymus trachycaulus complex in North America: more questions than answers R.R.C. Wang K.B. Jensen C. Jaussi (Eds) Proceeding of the 2nd International Triticeae Symposium Logan Utah USA 189–198
M.E. Barkworth D.R. Dewey (1985) ArticleTitleGenomically based genera in the perennial Triticeae of North America: identification and membership Am. J. Bot. 72 767–776 Occurrence Handle10.2307/2443691
I.V. Bartish L.P. Garkava K. Rumpunen H. Nybo (2000) ArticleTitlePhylogenetic relationships and differentiation among and within populations of Chaenomeles Lindl. (Rosaceae) estimated with RAPD and isozymes Theor. Appl. Genet. 101 554–563 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXns1GlsLs%3D Occurrence Handle10.1007/s001220051515
R.W. Brown R.S. Johnston D.A. Johnson (1978) ArticleTitleRehabilitation of alpine tundra disturbances J. Soil Water Conserv. 33 154–160
G.V. Denisov (1980) Forage Plants in the Permafrost Zone Rosselkhozizdat Moskva
D.R. Dewey (1968) ArticleTitleSynthetic Agropyron–Elymus hybrids: III. Elymus Canadensis × Agropyron caninum, A. trachycaulum, and A. striatum Am. J. Bot. 55 1133–1139 Occurrence Handle10.2307/2440735
D.R. Dewey (1975) ArticleTitleIntrogression between A. dasystachyum and A. trachycaulum Bot. Gaz. 136 122–128 Occurrence Handle10.1086/336792
D.R. Dewey (1982) Genomic and phylogenetic relationships among North American perennial Triticeae J.E. Estes (Eds) Grasses and Grassland University of Oklahoma Press Norman 51–88
Dewey, D.R., 1984. The genomic system of classification. A guide to intergeneric hybridization with the perennial Triticeae, pp. 209–280 in Gene Manipulation in Plant Improvement, 16th Stadler Genetics Symposium, edited by J.P. Gustafson, Plenum Publishing Corp., New York
O. Díaz (1999) Genetic diversity in Elymus species (Triticeae) with emphasis on the Nordic region Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Svalöv, Sweden
O. Díaz B. Salomon R. Bothmer Particlevon (1998) Description of isozyme polymorphisms in Elymus species using starch gel electrophoresis A.A. Jaradat (Eds) Triticeae III Science Publishers, Inc New Hampshire 199–208
N. Friesen F.R. Blattner (2000) ArticleTitleRAPD analysis reveals geographic differentiations within Allium schoenoprasum (L.) (Alliaceae) Plant Biol. 2 297–305 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXksFSktLw%3D Occurrence Handle10.1055/s-2000-3698
P. García J.V. Monte C. Casanova C. Soler (2002) ArticleTitleGenetic similarities among Spanish populations of Agropyron, Elymus and Thinopyrum, using PCR-based markers Genet. Resour. Crop Evol. 49 103–109 Occurrence Handle10.1023/A:1013898119274
Hardy, B.B.T., 1989. Manual of Plant Species Suitability for Reclamation in Alberta. 2nd edn. Alberta Land Conservation and Reclamation Council, 436
S.S. Harkevicz (1982) Wild Forage Grasses of the Soviet Far East Nauka Moskva
L.A. Hauser T.J. Crovello (1982) ArticleTitleNumerical analysis of genetic relationships in Thelypodieae (Brassicaceae) Syst. Bot. 7 249–268 Occurrence Handle10.2307/2418387
M. Heun T. Helentjaris (1993) ArticleTitleInheritance of RAPDs in F1 hybrids of corn Theor. Appl. Genet. 85 961–968 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK3sXltFemtbo%3D Occurrence Handle10.1007/BF00215035
Hitchcock, A.S., 1935. Manual of Grasses of the United States. USDA, Misc Publ 200.
Hitchcock, A.S., 1951. Manual of Grasses of the United States. Ed. 2, rev. by A Chase. USDA Misc Publ 200
C.L. Hitchcock (1969) Gramineae C.L. Hitchcock A. Cronquist M. Ownbey J.W. Thompson (Eds) Vascular Plants of the Pacific Northwest, Part I: University of Washington Press Seattle
E. Hulten (1968) Flora of Alaska and Neighboring Territories Stanford University Press Stanford
F.X. Jozwik (1966) A Biosystematic Analysis of the Slender Wheatgrass Complex. Doctoral Dissertation University of Wyoming Laramie
H. Junghans M. Metzlaff (1990) ArticleTitleA simple and rapid method for the preparation of total plant DNA Biotechniques 8 176 Occurrence Handle2317373 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK3cXitlaisr0%3D
J.T. Kartesz R. Kartesz (1980) A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. Volume II: The Biota of North America The University of North Carolina Press Chapel Hill, NC 500
E.V. Kostina A.V. Agafonov B. Salomon (1998) Electrophoretic properties and variability of endosperm proteins in Elymus caninus (L.) A.A. Jaradat (Eds) Triticeae III Science Publishers, Inc New Hampshire 265–272
K. Lackschewitz (1991) Vascular Plants of West-central Montana-identification Guidebook Department of Agriculture, Forest Service Intermountain Research Station, UT 648
S.R. Larson T.A. Jones C.L. McCracken K.B. Jensen (2003) ArticleTitleAmplified fragment length polymorphism in Elymus elymoides, Elymus multisetus, and other Elymus taxa Can. J. Bot. 81 789–804 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXptFKitrY%3D Occurrence Handle10.1139/b03-077
Y.G. Li C.L. Dewald P.L. Sims (1999) ArticleTitleGenetic relationships within Tripsacum as detected by RAPD variation Ann. Bot. 84 695–702 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXotVGitb8%3D Occurrence Handle10.1006/anbo.1999.0973
A. Löve (1984) ArticleTitleConspectus of the Triticeae Feddes Rep. 95 425–521
M.O. Malte (1932) ArticleTitleThe so-called Agropyron caninum (L.) Beauv. of North America Bull. Natl. Museum, Ottawa, Canada 68 27–57
N. Mantel (1967) ArticleTitleThe detection of disease clustering and a generalized regression approach Cancer Res. 27 209–220 Occurrence Handle6018555 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:CCiD1MzgsVY%3D
E. McMillan G. Sun (2004) ArticleTitleGenetic relationships of tetraploid Elymus species and their genomic donor species inferred from polymerase chain reaction-restriction length polymorphism analysis of chloroplast gene regions Theor. Appl. Genet. 108 535–542 Occurrence Handle14513222 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXpsFSlsQ%3D%3D Occurrence Handle10.1007/s00122-003-1453-3
F.J. Rohlf (1993) Numerical Taxonomy and Multivariate Analysis System. Version 1.80. Exeter Software Setauket NY
N. Saitou M. Nei (1987) ArticleTitleThe neighbour-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees J. Mol. Evol. 4 406–425 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:BieC1cbgtVY%3D
G.L. Sun O. Díaz B. Salomon R. Bothmer Particlevon (1999) ArticleTitleGenetic diversity in Elymus caninus as revealed by isozyme, RAPD, and microsatellite markers Genome 42 420–431 Occurrence Handle10382290 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXkt1Chtbk%3D Occurrence Handle10.1139/gen-42-3-420
G.L. Sun O. Díaz B. Salomon R. Bothmer Particlevon (2001) ArticleTitleGenetic diversity and structure in a natural Elymus caninus population from Denmark based on microsatellite and isozyme analysis Plant Syst. Evol. 227 235–244 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXms1ehs7o%3D Occurrence Handle10.1007/s006060170051
G.L. Sun B. Salomon R. Bothmer Particlevon (1997) ArticleTitleAnalysis of tetraploid Elymus species using wheat microsatellite markers and RAPD markers Genome 40 806–814 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXotVCltQ%3D%3D
S. Svitashev B. Salomon T. Bryngelsson R. Bothmer Particlevon (1996) ArticleTitleA study of 28 Elymus species using repetitive DNA sequences Genome 39 1093–1101 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXlt1WmtQ%3D%3D
Tzvelev, N.N., 1976. Poaceae USSR. Nauka, Leningrad. (In Russian) Translated as Grasses of the Soviet Union Zlaki SSSR. Nauka, Leningrad. Published for Smithsonian Institution Libraries and National Science Foundation, 1983. Oxonian, New Delhi, India
R.R.-C. Wang R. Bothmer Particlevon J. Dvorak G. Fedak I. Linde-Laursen M. Muramatsu (1994) Genome symbols in the Triticeae R.R.C. Wang K.B. Jensen C. Jaussi (Eds) Proceeding of the 2nd International Triticeae Symposium Logan Utah USA 29–34
S.L. Welsh (1974) Anderson’s Flora of Alaska and Adjacent Parts of Canada Brigham Young University Press Utah
J.G.K. Williams A.R. Kubelik K.J. Livak J.A. Rafalski S.V. Tingey (1990) ArticleTitleDNA polymorphisms amplified by arbitrary primers are useful as genetic markers Nucleic Acids Res. 18 6531–6535 Occurrence Handle1979162 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK3MXjslWmsA%3D%3D
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sun, G., Tang, H. & Salomon, B. Molecular diversity and relationships of North American Elymus trachycaulus and the Eurasian E. caninus species. Genetica 127, 55–64 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10709-005-2481-5
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10709-005-2481-5