Abstract
The maximum excavation span of the large-span transition section of Badaling Great Wall station is 32.7 m, and the excavation section is as large as 494.4 m2. It is rather difficult to ensure the stability of the surrounding rock during tunnel excavation, therefore, it is necessary to select appropriate construction methods. In the present study, three methods commonly used for excavating large-span tunnels including the three-bench seven-step excavation method, double side drift method, and sequential excavation method (SEM) were used in excavating the 30 m-level large-span tunnels and the results were compared. The principal stress distribution of the surrounding rock, arch settlement, and plastic zone range obtained for the three construction methods was compared using numerical calculation, thus determining the optimal construction method and proposing specific support measures. The feasibility of the construction method and the reliability of support settings were verified by monitoring the arch settlement and surrounding rock damage zone. The results from the numerical calculation and field monitoring were analyzed. The SEM was advantageous over the other two methods for the excavation of 30 m-level large-span tunnels. It is necessary to emphasize the excavation and support of the arch and the middle bench when the SEM is adopted. It was feasible to maximize the self-bearing capacity of the surrounding rock by establishing a multi-level support system with anchor cables and anchor bolts of different lengths. The study findings can provide a reference for excavating 30 m-level large-span tunnels.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data Availability
The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
References
Bidgoli MN, Zhao Z, Jing L (2013) Numerical evaluation of strength and deformability of fractured rocks. J Rock Mech Geotech Eng 5(6):419–430. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrmge.2013.09.002
Cao CY, Shi CH, Lei MF, Peng LM, Bai RX (2018) Deformation characteristics and countermeasures of shallow and large-span tunnel under-crossing the existing highway in soft soil: a case study. KSCE J Civ Eng 22:3170–3181. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-017-1586-6
Chen Z, He C, Yang W, Guo W, Li Z, Xu G (2020) Impacts of geological conditions on instability causes and mechanical behavior of large-scale tunnels: a case study from the Sichuan–Tibet highway, China. Bull Eng Geol Env 79:3667–3688. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-020-01796-w
Cui S, Wu K, Zhang Q, Yu Y, Wang Y (2019) Analysis on construction mechanical mechanism of highway tunnels with large span and small spacing. Geotech Geol Eng 37:1627–1642
Diederichs M, Kaiser P (1999) Tensile strength and abutment relaxation as failure control mechanisms in underground excavations. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 36(1):69–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0148-9062(98)00179-X
He BG, Zhu YQ, Ye CL, Zhang ZQ (2011) Model test for dynamic construction mechanical effect of large-span loess tunnel. J Shanghai Jiaotong Univ (science) 16:112–117. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12204-011-1103-x
Jiang Q, Song SG, Li T, Wang K, Gu RH (2019) Study on surrounding rock stability of small clear-distance twin highway tunnel with eight lanes. Geotech Geol Eng 37(4):593–598. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-018-0629-1
Li R, Zhang DL, Fang Q, Liu DP, Luo JW, Fang HC (2020) Mechanical responses of closely spaced large span triple tunnels. Tunn Undergr Space Technol 105:103574. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2020.103574
Li LP, Shang CS, Chu KW, Zhou ZQ, Song SG, Liu ZH, Chen YH (2021) Large-scale geo-mechanical model tests for stability assessment of super-large cross-section tunnel. Tunn Undergr Space Technol 109:103756. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2020.103756
Liu DP, Zhang DL, Fang Q, Sun ZY, Cao LQ, Li A (2019) Displacement characteristics of shallow-buried large-section loess tunnel with different types of pre-supports: a case study of new badaling tunnel. Appl Sci 10(1):195. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10010195
Luo YB, Chen JX, Shi Z, Li JZ, Liu WW (2020) Mechanical characteristics of primary support of large span loess highway tunnel: a case study in Shaanxi Province, Loess Plateau, NW China primary. Tunn Undergr Space Technol 104:103532. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2020.103532
Sharifzadeh M, Kolivand F, Ghorbani M, Yasrobi S (2013) Design of sequential excavation method for large span urban tunnels in soft ground–Niayesh tunnel. Tunn Undergr Space Technol 35:178–188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2013.01.002
Tu HL, Zhou H, Qiao CS, Gao Y (2020) Excavation and kinematic analysis of a shallow large-span tunnel in an up-soft/low-hard rock stratum. Tunn Undergr Space Technol 97:103245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2019.103245
Wang Q, Xin ZX, Sun HB, Xiao YC, Bian WH, Li LN (2020) Comparative experimental study on the mechanical mechanism of combined arches in large section tunnels. Tunn Undergr Space Technol 99:103386. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2020.103386
Wu B, Huang W (2020) Optimization of sequential excavation method for large-section urban subway tunnel: a case study. Adv Mech Eng 12(9):1–13. https://doi.org/10.1177/1687814020957185
Xue YG, Gong HM, Kong FM, Yang WM, Qiu DH, Zhou BH (2021) Stability analysis and optimization of excavation method of double-arch tunnel with an extra-large span based on numerical investigation. Front Struct Civ Eng 15:136–146. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11709-020-0710-8
Yang S-Q, Chen M, Jing H-W, Chen K-F, Meng B (2017) A case study on large deformation failure mechanism of deep soft rock roadway in Xin’An coal mine, China. Eng Geol 217:89–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2016.12.012
Yang SQ, Hu B, Xu P (2019) Study on the damage-softening constitutive model of rock and experimental verification. Acta Mech Sin 35:786–798. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10409-018-00833-y
Zhang HJ, Thurber CH (2003) Double-difference tomography: the method and its application to the Hayward fault, California. Bull Seismol Soc Am 93(5):1875–1889. https://doi.org/10.1785/0120020190
Zhang HJ, Thurber C (2005) Adaptive mesh seismic tomography based on tetrahedral and Voronoi diagrams: application to Parkfield, California. J Geophys Res Solid Earth. https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JB003186
Zhou ZL, Zhao JP, Tan ZS, Zhou XP (2021) Mechanical responses in the construction process of super-large cross-section tunnel: a case study of Gongbei tunnel. Tunn Undergr Space Technol 115:104044. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2021.104044
Funding
The funding was supported by Key Technologies Research and Development Program (Grand No 2019YFC1511104)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
An, Z., Ma, W., Wang, Y. et al. Stability Analysis of Extra-Large-Span Tunnels During Construction: A Case Study. Geotech Geol Eng (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-023-02719-8
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-023-02719-8