Abstract
This study presents an innovative technique of executing soil nails called sectorized post grouting (SPG). The most utilized technique of soil nail grouting is gravity grouting, with the literature reporting advances in pressurized grouting. Although obtaining higher pullout resistance of soil nails, pressurized grouting, mostly done in single-stage grouting, does not compensate for exudation and its use in higher nail lengths is difficult. Thus, a technique has been developed that compensates for exudation, with easier application in lengthier nails. The technique was qualitatively assessed to evaluate its surface roughness and later applied in seven real soil nailing works, where it could be quantitatively assessed. The results show that sectorized post-grouted nails obtained greater pullout resistances than gravity grouted and single-stage grouted nails. Although similar improvement was found in tube-à-manchette (TAM) grouted nails, this method presents lower economic efficiency than sectorized post grouting. The pullout resistance results obtained in this study can be utilized in future soil nailing works executed utilizing SPG.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
modified from Souza et al. 2015)
modified from Souza et al. 2015)
Modified from Souza et al. 2015)
Similar content being viewed by others
Data Availability
The datasets generated or analyzed during the current study are not publicly available due to not being published elsewhere but are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
References
Camberfort H (1968) Soil Injection (in Spanish). Barcelona, ES, Ediciones, p 532
Cheng YM, Au SK, Pearson AM, Li N (2013) An innovative Geonail System for soft ground stabilization. Soils Found 53(2):282–298
Federal Highway of Administration (FHWA) (2015) Soil nail walls reference manual. Federal highway administration, Washington, DC
Hong CY, Yin JH, Pei HF, Zhou WH (2013) Experimental study on the pullout resistance of pressure-grouted soil nails in the field. Can Geotech J 50(7):693–704
Hossain MA, Yin JH (2011) Influence of grouting pressure on the behavior of an unsaturated soil-cement interface. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 138(2):193–202
Kim TS, Sim BK, Kim JS, Lee SW, Lee IM (2012) Effect of pressurized grouting on anchor behavior in residual soils. In 7th International Symposium on Geotechnical Aspects of Underground Construction in Soft Ground. Taylor and Francis-Balkema, pp. 529–536
Moosavi M, Jafari A, Khosravi A (2005) Bond of cement grouted reinforcing bars under constant radial pressure. Cement Concr Compos 27(1):103–109
Ortigão JAR, Palmeira EM (1997) Optimised design for soil nail walls. Proc. 3rd Intern Conf. On Ground Improvement Geosystems. London, T Telford pp 368–374
Roscoe KH (1970) The influence of strains in soil mechanics. Geotechnique 20(2):129–170
Seo HJ, Jeong KH, Choi H, Lee IM (2012) Pullout resistance increase of soil nailing induced by pressurized grouting. J Geotechn Geoenviron Eng 138(5):604–613
Su LJ, Chan TC, Yin JH, Shiu YK, Chiu SL (2008) Influence of overburden pressure on soil–nail pullout resistance in a compacted fill. J Geotechn Geoenviron Eng 134(9):1339–1347
Wang Q, Xinyu Y, Shanyong W, Sloan SW, Sheng D (2017) Experimental investigation of compaction-grouted soil nails. Can Geotech J 54(12):1728–1738
Ye XY, Wang SY, Wang Q, Sloan SW, Sheng DC (2018) Performance of a compaction-grouted soil nail in laboratory tests. Acta Geotech 14(4):1049–1063
Yin JH, Su LJ, Cheung RWM, Shiu YK, Tang C (2009) The influence of grouting pressure on the pullout resistance of soil nails in compacted completely decomposed granite fill. Geotechnique 59(2):103–113
Yin JH, Zhou WH (2009) Influence of grouting pressure and overburden stress on the interface resistance of a soil nail. J Geotechn Geoenviron Eng 135(9):1198–1208
Zhang LL, Zhang LM, Tang WH (2009) Uncertainties of field pullout resistance of soil nails. J Geotechn Geoenviron Eng 135(7):966–972
Souza GJT, Zirlis AC, Pitta CA (2015) Manual de Serviços Geotécnicos. São Paulo, Solotrat, p 93
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to acknowledge the Graduate Program of the University of Brasilia, which helped fund this project, and the various contractors and designers who allowed the use of the data in this article, especially George Joaquim Teles de Souza from Solotrat Geotechnical Engineering.
Funding
This work was supported by University of Brasilia.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
“All authors contributed to the study conception and design. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.”
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Competing Interests
“The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.”
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Barbosa, M.G.T., de Assis, A.P. & da Cunha, R.P. An Innovative Post Grouting Technique for Soil Nails. Geotech Geol Eng 40, 5539–5546 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-022-02231-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-022-02231-5