Abstract
The present study aims to investigate the variation of mechanical properties of clayey sand treated with cement and nano titanium dioxide (NTD). For this purpose, unconfined compression and direct shear tests were performed on mixtures of clayey sand treated with cement and NTD. To improve the number of experiments, examine the results, and optimize the content of NTD and the content of cement mixed with the clayey sand, the Response Surface Method (RSM) was used. Furthermore, the effect of NTD on the mixtures was investigated by conducting the element analysis along with field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The contents of Portland cement type I, NTD, and kaolinite clay were three independent variables in the mixtures. An empirical quadratic polynomial regression equation was suggested for predicting the results. The results obtained from reviewing the FESEM images revealed that NTD filled the holes and micro-cracks of the cemented clayey sand. In addition, the nucleating effect of NTD could reduce the orientation degree of calcium hydroxide (CH) and limit the CH value by absorbing the hydration products, water, and ions. Furthermore, the nucleating effect of NTD increased with time. In addition, an efficient optimized mixture was obtained for a mixture containing 1.48% NTD, 6.04% cement, and 20% Kaolinite. The cohesion, friction angle, and unconfined compression strength of the optimized mixture were 215.3 kPa, 49.78°, and 1.503 MPa, respectively.
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Babaei, A., Ghazavi, M. & Ganjian, N. Shear Strength Parameters of Clayey Sand Treated with Cement and Nano Titanium Dioxide. Geotech Geol Eng 40, 133–151 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-021-01881-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-021-01881-1