Abstract
The city bypass tunnel of Waidhofen an der Ybbs (Austria) is situated in an intricate geological-geotechnical complex consisting of soil, hard soil, weak rock and solid rock. Marls and marly limestone (Waidhofener formation) predominate followed by tectonic breccia of the Alpine cliff zone, which is a tectonic melange zone. Materials of this kind universally have isolated interior blocks embedded in a matrix called “block-in-matrix” (see Fig. 1) requiring a particular characterization of the mechanical rock mass properties. The complex geological and morphological situation required the application of various tunneling methods including open cuts, cut-and-cover sections and the New Austrian Tunneling Method. During construction in creeping slopes increased movements were triggered, which required the installation of a sophisticated monitoring system. On the basis of monitoring data and additional ground investigations structural measures were assessed that enabled safe tunneling in the creeping slope.
Left Core photo of a drilling through rock mass type GA2 with a block-in-matrix structure. Right Tunneling through block-in-matrix structure with digged out blocks
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*Previously published in Anagnostopoulos et al. (2011). Reprinted—Published in revised form with kind permission of IOS Press.
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Adam, D., Markiewicz, R. & Brunner, M. Block-in-Matrix Structure and Creeping Slope: Tunneling in Hard Soil and/or Weak Rock. Geotech Geol Eng 32, 1467–1476 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-012-9591-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-012-9591-5