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Reinforcement with Geosynthetics of Walls of the Saltpans of the Aveiro Lagoon

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Abstract

The aim of this article is to investigate the solution for the reinforcement of the walls of the saltpans of the Aveiro lagoon by using geosynthetics. For that purpose literature research has been done to collect both the properties and the geometry of the walls and of the soils. Simultaneously, methods for the design of reinforced soils using geosynthetics were collected, particularly to allow the consideration of two types of backfill soil: granular and fine. So, two solutions for such walls were studied using granular and fine soils, respectively. The design methods used were the ones proposed by: Jewell (1996) and Rogbeck et al. (2002) for granular soils and Naughton et al. (2001) for fine soils. Finally, the verification of the external stability of the profiles of a selected wall has been made using the methodology described in Eurocode 7: EN1997-1: 2004.

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Abbreviations

ATM:

Atmospheric effects

BIO+CHE:

Biological and chemical degradation

c′:

Cohesion in terms of effective stress

cu :

Undrained strength

cv :

Coefficient of vertical consolidation

C:

Constant

CAL:

Complex Alluvium Sludges

CR:

Creep

C1:

Combination of fine soil parameters number 1

C2:

Combination of fine soil parameters number 2

DDI:

Damage during installation

ev :

Vertical spacing between reinforcement layers

Epwp :

Interstitial pressure generated by the construction of an embankment layer on a pre-existing layer

EQU:

Loss of equilibrium of the structure or the ground

ES:

Effective stresses

FcJ :

Design tensile strength obtained by the method of Jewell (1996)

FcNH :

Ddesign tensile strength obtained by the method of the Nordic Handbook

Fk :

Characteristic tensile strength of reinforcements

Fult :

Ultimate tensile strength

FDiss :

Safety factor applied to the time of dissipation

GCR1:

Geocomposite number 1

GCR2:

Geocomposite number 2

GGR1:

Uniaxial Geogrid number 1

GGR2:

Uniaxial Geogrid number 2

GEO:

Collapse or excessive deformation of the ground

h:

Height of each layer

H:

Height of the wall

LR :

Length of the reinforcement

mv :

Coefficient of volume compressibility

n:

Number of layers constructed

qQ :

Surcharge caused by the construction process

ru :

Interstitial pressure parameter

RFtotal :

Total reduction factor

RF:

Reduction factor

RFATM :

Reduction factor for atmospheric effects

RFDDI :

Reduction factor for damage during installation in situ

RFFLU :

Reduction factor for the effects of creep in the reinforcement

STR:

Internal collapse or excessive deformation of the structure or structural elements

T:

Time required to dissipate the excesses of interstitial pressure generated

TS:

Total stresses

u:

Interstitial pressure

V:

Volume of water dissipated

z:

Depth measured from the top of the wall to a point in study

β:

Tilt the face of the structure from the horizontal

δv :

Settlement

ϕ′:

Soil friction angle in terms of effective stresses

γ:

Unit weight of soil

γΜ :

Partial safety factor for the parameters of soil

η:

Conversion factor

η1 :

Conversion factor of creep

η2 :

Conversion factor for the installation damage

η3 :

Conversion factor for the biological and chemical degradation

θ:

Τransmissivity

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  • BS 8006:-1: 2009 Code of practice for strengthened/reinforced soils and fills, Public Draft for Comment, BSi London 2009

  • DIN 1054:2005-01 Baugrund; Sicherheitsnachweise im Erdund Grundbau; Deutsches Institut für Normung, Berlin

  • EN 1997-1: 2004 Eurocode 7: Geotechnical design—Part 1: General rules

  • ISO/TR 20432:2007 Guidelines for the determination of the long-term strength of geosynthetics for soil reinforcement

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Acknowledgments

The authors acknowledge the support of FCT (Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia), Research Project PTDC/ECM/65589/2006, Research Project PTDC/ECM/099087/2008—FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-009724 and Research Project PTDC/ECM/100975/2008—FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-009750.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil Engineering, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal

    D. M. Carlos & Margarida Pinho-Lopes

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  1. D. M. Carlos
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  2. Margarida Pinho-Lopes
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Correspondence to D. M. Carlos.

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Carlos, D.M., Pinho-Lopes, M. Reinforcement with Geosynthetics of Walls of the Saltpans of the Aveiro Lagoon. Geotech Geol Eng 29, 519–536 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-011-9400-6

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