Abstract
Phosphorus (P) fertilizer should be applied in a way that avoids P accumulation in the topsoil, to limit P losses in surface runoff and leaching through the soil profile. This study compared two P fertilizer regimes (annual application vs. periodic application, once every six years) for their impact on soil P chemistry, P sorption capacity and water-extractable P (WEP) in soil layers to 1 m depth in Inceptisols of northeast China, based on sequential fractionation and 31P NMR spectroscopy methods. Fertilizer regimes in the continuous corn field were: no N and P fertilizers, 0 kg P ha−1 (N fertilizer only), 25 kg P ha−1 annually, 150 kg P ha−1 every six years, 75 kg P ha−1 annually, and 450 kg P ha−1 every six years. Soil inorganic P (Pi) fractions (NaHCO3-, NaOH-, and HCl-Pi) and orthophosphate concentrations were greater with annual or periodic P application than in the control with no P fertilizer (P < 0.05). Nevertheless, annual P application led to greater accumulation (17–48%) of the soil Pi fractions and 4–28% more orthophosphates (31P NMR) than periodic P application in the 0–0.8 m soil layers. Still, soils with periodic P application had less water-extractable P (32–124%) and a higher P sorption capacity (12–26%) in the profile. Therefore, while periodic and annual P fertilizer regimes both maintain soil P fertility and sustain crop P uptake, periodic P fertilizer application (i.e., every six years) at agronomic rates should limit P losses from the soil profile.
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This work was financially supported by National Nature Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41601322, 41877098 and 41761099), ‘Guangxi Natural Science Foundation (Grant No. 2018GXNSFAA281265, 2018GXNSFAA281322, and 2016GXNSFBA380042), and Guangxi Science and Technology Major Project (No. AA1811180133).
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Wang, Y., Peng, X., Whalen, J.K. et al. Can periodic phosphorus fertilizer applications reduce the risk of P loss ?. Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst 124, 135–151 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-021-10184-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-021-10184-z