Abstract
Using an advanced history dependent contact model for DEM simulations, including elasto-plasticity, viscosity, adhesion, and friction, pressure-sintered tablets are formed from primary particles. These tablets are subjected to unconfined uni-axial compression until and beyond failure. For fast and slow deformation we observe ductile-like and brittle softening, respectively. We propose a model for local self-healing that allows damage to heal during loading such that the material strength of the sample increases and failure/softening is delayed to larger strains. Local healing is achieved by increasing the (attractive) contact adhesion forces for those particles involved in a potentially breaking contact. We examine the dependence of the strength of the material on (a) the damage detection sensitivity, (b) the damage detection rate, and (c) the (increased) adhesion between healed contacts. The material strength is enhanced, i.e., the material fails at larger strains and reaches larger maximal stress values, when any of the parameters (a)–(c) is increased. For very large adhesion between the healed contacts an interesting instability with strong (brittle) fluctuations of the healed material’s strength is observed.
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Acknowledgements
The authors wish to thank Akke Suiker, Orion Mouraille, and Christine Herbst for useful discussions. This study was made possible by the Delft Center for Materials Self-Healing program, and supported by the research institute IMPACT of the University of Twente, and the Stitching voor Fundamenteel Onderzoek der Materie (FOM), financially supported by the Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO), through the Granular Matter program.
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Open Access This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0), which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited.
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Herbst, O., Luding, S. Modeling particulate self-healing materials and application to uni-axial compression. Int J Fract 154, 87–103 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10704-008-9299-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10704-008-9299-y
Keywords
- Self-healing materials
- Granular materials
- Particle simulation
- Contact force-laws
- Friction
- Adhesion
- Elasto-plastic contact deformation