Abstract
The purpose of this study was to characterize the activity of essential oils from Nepeta Cataria (EON) at concentrations of 125 \({\mu {\text L}}\) L−1, 150 \({\mu {\text L}}\) L−1, 175 \({\mu {\text L}}\) L−1, and 200 \({\mu {\text L}}\) L−1 on the behavior of loss of the posture reflex and recovery of the posture reflex and electrocardiographic activity and recording of the opercular beat of Colossoma macropomum during immersion bathing for a period of 5 min, in order to obtain a window for safe use during anesthesia. The fish (23.38 ± 3.5 g) were assigned to the following experiments: experiment 1 (latency to loss and recovery of the posture reflex): (a) 125 \({\mu {\text L}}\) L−1, (b) 150 \({\mu {\text L}}\) L−1, (c) 175 \({\mu {\text L}}\) L−1, and (d) 200 \({\mu {\text L}}\) L−1 (n = 9) per group. Experiment 2 (electrocardiographic and heartbeat recordings): (a) control group; (b) vehicle control group (2 ml of alcohol per liter of water), (c) 125 \({\mu {\text L}}\) L−1, (d) 150 \({\mu {\text L}}\) L−1, (e) 175 \({\mu {\text L}}\) L−1, and (f) 200 \({\mu {\text L}}\) L−1 (n = 9), per group. All the concentrations used showed efficacy in inducing loss of the posture reflex and reversibility with recovery of the posture reflex, but the electrocardiographic recordings indicated morphographic changes such as bradycardia during induction and p wave apiculation during recovery at the highest concentrations tested. In this way, we suggest a safe use window for short-term anesthesia with EON in the concentration range of 125 to 150 \({\mu {\text L}}\) L−1 for juvenile Colossoma macropomum.
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If requested, all material related to this study, including raw data, research instruments, and other relevant information, is available upon request. To access these resources, we ask interested parties to contact us via email at Hamoy@ufpa.br. We are committed to transparency and collaboration in scientific research, and the provision of these materials aims to facilitate replicability and verification of results by the academic community.
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The authors acknowledge the financial support provided by the funding agency Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES), under grant number 88887.800862/2023–00, for the completion of this study. Transparency in the use of resources and accountability are aligned with our principles, ensuring that the results of this investigation can benefit the scientific community and society significantly.
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In the conceptualization phase, M.F.S., L.M.N. and M.H. contributed. Data curation and formal analysis were carried out by M.F.S. and L.M.N. The investigation and methodology were developed by M.F.S., L.M.N., C.A.P., T.M.C., Y.K.M.M., R.C.F., Y.S.D., E.M.S., S.M.C., L.A.L.B., L.L.A., and M.H. In handled resources worked M.F.S. and L.M.N., while they also took on roles in writing the original draft. L.M.N. was responsible for translation. Writing review tasks were managed by C.A.P., Y.K.M.M., and R.C.F. with editing duties undertaken by C.A.P., Y.K.M.M., R.C.F., and M.H. Lastly, M.H. provided supervision throughout the process.
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Certify that the proposal entitled “Behavioral and Electrocardiographic Evaluation in Tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) after the Use of Different Concentrations of Nepeta cataria L. Oil during Immersion Bath,” filed under CEUA No. 3898260521 (ID 001694), under the responsibility of Moisés Hamoy—involving the production, maintenance, and/or use of animals belonging to the phylum Chordata, subphylum Vertebrata (except humans), for scientific research or teaching purposes—complies with the precepts of Law 11,794 of October 8, as well as with the regulations issued by the National Council for Animal Experimentation Control (CONCEA), and has been approved by the Ethics Committee on Animal Use at the Federal University of Pará (CEUA/UFPA) in the meeting held on June 24, 2021.
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dos Santos, M.F., do Nascimento, L.M., da Paz, C.A. et al. Behavioral and electrophysiological study in Colossoma macropomum treated with different concentrations of Nepeta cataria oil in an immersion bath revealed a therapeutic window for anesthesia. Fish Physiol Biochem (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-024-01361-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-024-01361-2