Abstract
This study evaluated the anesthetic and sedative effects of the essential oil of Zingiber officinale (EOZO) on juvenile pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus). Experiment 1 evaluated concentrations of 0, 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg L-1 EOZO for times of induction and recovery from anesthesia. Furthermore, hematological responses and residual components of EOZO in plasma were determined immediately after anesthesia. Experiment 2 evaluated the effect of 0, 10, 20 and 30 mg L-1 EOZO on water quality, blood variables and residual components of EOZO in plasma and tissues (muscle and liver) immediately after 2 h of transport. Survival was 100%. The three main compounds of EOZO [zingiberene (32.27%), β-sesquiphellandrene (18.42%) and β-bisabolene (13.93%)] were observed in animal plasma and tissues (muscle and liver) after anesthesia and transport, demonstrating a direct linear effect among the evaluated concentrations. The concentration of 200 mg L-1 EOZO promoted surgical anesthesia of pacu and prevented an increase in monocyte and neutrophil levels, yet did not alter other hematological parameters. The use of 30 mg L-1 EOZO has a sedative effect on juvenile pacu, thereby reducing oxygen consumption during transport. Furthermore, the use of 30 mg L-1 EOZO in transport water prevented an increase in hemoglobin and hematocrit, with minimal influences on other blood variables.
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The authors thank: the Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul for the scientific initiation scholarship for Almeida PR; and the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES-Brazil Code 01) for the master's and doctoral scholarship for Moreira AP, and Oliveira FC, respectively. Ferreira AL, received a postdoctoral fellowship from the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES-Brazil n°. 88887.691567/2022-00 and 88887.808250/2023-00). Campos CM, received research project support from the Fundação de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento do Ensino, Ciência e Tecnologia do Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul (FUNDECT-Brazil n° 71/049.087/2021).
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Anuzhia Paiva Moreira: Conceptualization, Methodology, Validation, Formal analysis, Resources, Investigation, Writing - Original Draft, Writing- Reviewing and Editing, Visualization, Funding Acquisition. Fúlvia Cristina Oliveira: Conceptualization, Methodology, Validation, Investigation, Formal analysis. Andre Lima Ferreira: Conceptualization, Methodology, Validation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Resources, Writing- Reviewing and Editing, Visualization. Patrini Rodrigues de Almeida: Investigation, Formal analysis. Deliane Cristina Costa: Conceptualization, Methodology, Validation, Investigation, Formal analysis. Claudia Andrea Lima Cardoso: Conceptualization, Methodology, Validation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Resources, Writing- Reviewing and Editing. Francisco Célio Maia Chagas: Conceptualization, Methodology, Validation, Investigation, Resources. Edsandra Campos Chagas: Conceptualization, Methodology, Validation, Investigation, Resources, Writing- Reviewing and Editing. Cristiane Meldau de Campos: Conceptualization, Methodology, Validation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Resources, Data curation, Investigation, Writing - Original Draft, Writing - Reviewing and Editing, Visualization, Supervision, Project Administration, Funding Acquisition.
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The two experiments were carried out at the Centro de Excelência em Ciência Animal - Cerrado e Pantanal, of the Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul (UEMS), with the approval of the Ethics Committee on the Use of Animals (CEUA) of this institution (registration number 013/2021)
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Highlights
- The anesthetic effect of the essential oil of Zingiber officinale (EOZO) on pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) is evaluated for the first time in this study.
- First report of EOZO as a sedative used in the transport of freshwater fish in general.
- EOZO caused minimal effects on blood variables of pacu immediately after anesthesia and transport.
- EOZO was able to preserve dissolved oxygen levels in the water during pacu transport.
- EOZO showed small residual deposition in the plasma, muscle and liver of pacu after anesthesia and transport.
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Moreira, A.P., Oliveira, F.C., Ferreira, A.L. et al. Efficacy of essential oil from ginger (Zingiber officinale) for anesthesia and transport sedation of pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus). Fish Physiol Biochem (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-024-01346-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-024-01346-1