Abstract
Exposure to high temperatures induces changes in fish respiration, resulting in an increased production of reactive oxygen species. This, in turn, affects the enzymatic and non-enzymatic components of antioxidant defenses, which are essential for mitigating cellular stress. Rhamdia voulezi, an economically important fish species endemic to Brazil’s Iguaçu River, served as the subject of our study. Our goal was to assess enzymatic antioxidant biomarkers (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase, glutathione reductase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase), non-protein thiol levels (reduced glutathione), and markers of oxidative damage (lipoperoxidation and carbonylation) in the liver, gills, and kidneys of R. voulezi after acute exposure to high temperatures (31°C) for 2, 6, 12, 24, and 96 h. Control groups were maintained at 21°C. Our findings revealed that the liver exhibited increased superoxide dismutase levels up to 12 h and elevated glutathione S-transferase levels at 12 and 96 h at 31°C. In the gills, superoxide dismutase levels increased up to 24 h, along with increased lipoperoxidation at 2, 6, 12, and 96 h of exposure to high temperatures. The kidneys responded to heat stress at 12 h, with an increase in superoxide dismutase and catalase activity, and lipid peroxidation was observed at 2 and 6 h at 31°C. The three tissues evaluated responded differently to heat stress, with the liver demonstrating greater physiological adjustment to high temperatures. The intricate interplay of various antioxidant defense biomarkers and oxidative damage suggests the presence of oxidative stress in R. voulezi when exposed to high temperatures.
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Data availability
The data contained in this study is available on request by contacting the corresponding author. None of the data used came from databases.
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Acknowledgements
We thank the Ildo Zago Aquaculture Research and Extension Center for their help and support during the execution of this study.
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This study was financed in part by the Brazilian Federal Agency for Support and Evaluation of Graduate Education (CAPES) (Finance Code 001), Ministry of Science, Technology, and Innovation (MCTI) and by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) (process 407658/2018-1, 307452/2019-0, and 305767/2022-4).
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D.O.S., J.R., A.P.N.C., N.G.S., M.R.D.P.S., T.H., and L.D. authored the primary manuscript text. D.M.C.P. and D.O.S. conducted the statistical analysis and produced all the figures. D.O.S., J.R., A.P.N.C., N.G.S., I.C.S., D.M.C.P., and A.K.A.N. conducted the laboratory experiments. All authors participated in the manuscript review.
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The environmental permit for animal collection was acquired via the Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation (Instituto SICOBIO/ICMBio: No. 63551-1, granted on 06/27/2018), while the licenses for animal experimentation (No. 1228 and 1228 C) were secured from the Ethics Committee on Animal Use within the Biological Sciences Sector of the Federal University of Paraná (CEUA-BIO/UFPR).
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da Silva, D.O., Ratko, J., Côrrea, A.P.N. et al. Assessing physiological responses and oxidative stress effects in Rhamdia voulezi exposed to high temperatures. Fish Physiol Biochem 50, 617–633 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-023-01294-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-023-01294-2