Abstract
The study evaluated the effects of diverse cinnamaldehyde (CIN) supplementation doses on the physiological attributes, feed utilization, growth, and body composition of striped catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus. The study incorporated five doses of CIN supplementation, namely 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 g kg−1 feed, with four replicates per group. Commercial extruded isonitrogenous and isoenergetic feeds with crude protein and gross energy levels of 28.46% ± 0.23% and 3858.70 ± 18.06 kcal kg−1, respectively, were used as test feeds. The initial weight of striped catfish was 5.57 ± 0.02 g, and 30 fish were maintained in each cage (2 × 1 × 1 m3) for 60 days. The results illustrated that the incorporation of CIN into the diet increases amylase and lipase levels and the ability of striped catfish to accumulate glucose, as the glucose tolerance test revealed that CIN 1.0 and 1.5 g kg−1 reduced glucose content to its basal level at 3–4 h postinjection and upregulated the insulin receptor, hexokinase, and hormone-sensitive lipase genes. CIN 1.5 g kg−1 also increased plasma total protein and high-density lipoprotein levels and reduced triglyceride and cholesterol levels. CIN 1.0–2.0 g kg−1 increased antioxidant capacity by increasing the levels of superoxide dismutase and glutathione and decreasing malondialdehyde levels. CIN 1.5 g kg−1 was the best treatment for increasing final weight, the specific growth rate, protein retention, and the protein efficiency ratio and for decreasing the feed conversion ratio. CIN additionally increased meat protein and decreased meat and liver lipid content. This study concluded that 1.24 g kg−1 is the optimal CIN dose calculated from the equation Y = − 0.1487x2 + 0.3702x + 5.0724 (R2 = 0.71) to increase growth and feed efficiency in striped catfish by increasing nonprotein catabolism and exerting antioxidant effects.
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Data supporting these study results are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Abbreviations
- CIN:
-
Cinnamaldehyde
- PSE:
-
Protein-sparing effect
- TP:
-
Total protein
- TG:
-
Triglyceride
- CHO:
-
Cholesterol
- HDL:
-
High-density lipoprotein
- GTT:
-
Glucose tolerance test
- qRT-PCR:
-
Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction
- cDNA:
-
Complementary deoxyribonucleic acid
- ir :
-
Insulin receptor
- hk1 :
-
Hexokinase 1
- gs :
-
Glycogen synthase
- fasn :
-
Fatty acid synthase
- hsl :
-
Hormone-sensitive lipase
- LDs:
-
Lipid droplets
- HSI:
-
Hepatosomatic index
- FCR:
-
Feed conversion ratio
- SGR:
-
Specific growth rate
- PER:
-
Protein efficiency ratio
- PR:
-
Protein retention
- LR:
-
Lipid retention
- GPx:
-
Glutathione peroxidase
- SOD:
-
Superoxide dismutase
- MDA:
-
Malondialdehyde
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Funding
This work was funded by the Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan (Ministry of Education and Culture Republic of Indonesia) (Grant No. 077 /SP2H/LT/DRPM/2021) through the PMDSU scholarship scheme.
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I.T.W. performed the experiment, analyzed the data, and wrote the original manuscript; D.J. designed the study, analyzed the data, and wrote the original manuscript; M.S. designed the study, analyzed the data, and reviewed and edited the manuscript; J.E. designed the study, analyzed the data, and reviewed and edited the manuscript; M.A.S. designed the study, analyzed the data, and and reviewed and edited the manuscript.
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Wahyudi, I.T., Jusadi, D., Setiawati, M. et al. Dietary supplementation of cinnamaldehyde positively affects the physiology, feed utilization, growth, and body composition of striped catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus. Fish Physiol Biochem 50, 813–826 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-023-01287-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-023-01287-1