Abstract
Piperine, the main bioactive component of black pepper (Piper nigrum) or long pepper (Piper longum), has anti-inflammatory, antifungal, and antibacterial properties. This study was carried out to evaluate the supplemental effects of piperine in olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) diets. Six isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated to contain different levels of piperine at 0.00, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00, and 2.00 g/kg (Con, P25, P50, P75, P100, and P200, respectively). Diets were randomly allocated to triplicate groups of fish (initial weight 27.6 ± 0.4 g, 30 fish/tank) and fed three times daily for 8 weeks. Results showed that dietary piperine significantly improved fish growth and feed utilization efficiency. The highest growth, including the highest Igf-1 mRNA expression, was observed in the P50 group, while P50 and P75 groups showed the highest protein efficiency ratio. Compared to the Con group piperine supplemented groups had significantly higher lysozyme activity, immunoglobulin level, and phagocytosis activities. Plasma cholesterol was significantly lower in fish fed P200 diet. Dry matter and protein digestibility were higher in P25, P50, and P75 groups than in Con group. Dietary piperine increased the intestinal villi length and goblet cell counts. In the challenge test against Edwardsiella tarda, all the groups supplemented with piperine showed higher cumulative survival compared to Con group. Therefore, these findings indicate that dietary piperine supplementation can improve growth performance, innate immunity, disease resistance, diet digestibility, and intestinal morphology of olive flounder. The optimum dietary piperine level seems to be approximately 0.5 g/kg for the fish.
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The data that supports the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
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This work was supported by Synergen Inc., and Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (2019R1A6A1A03033553).
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G.H.T. Malintha participated in the feeding trial, sampling, analyses, and manuscript preparation. Joon Bum Jeong designed the experiment, edited the manuscript, and provided ingredients. Buddhi E. Gunathilaka and Mirasha Hasanthi analyzed the parameters and mainly edited the manuscript. Kwan-Sik Yun reviewed and edited the manuscript and provided ingredients. Kyeong-Jun Lee designed the experiment, organized and supervised the study, and completed the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Malintha, G., Jeong, J., Gunathilaka, B.E. et al. Effects of dietary piperine supplementation on innate immunity, growth performance, feed utilization and intestinal morphology of olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Fish Physiol Biochem 49, 925–937 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-023-01229-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-023-01229-x