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Susceptibility of DNA damage recognition activities linked to nucleotide excision and mismatch repair in zebrafish (Danio rerio) early and mid-early embryos to 2.5 to 4.5 °C heat stress

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Abstract

Fish at early life stages are sensitive to temperature change because of their narrower temperature tolerance ranges. Initiated by damage detection, DNA mismatch repair (MMR) and nucleotide excision repair (NER) maintain genome integrity respectively by eliminating mismatched nucleotides and helix-distorting DNA lesions. As discharge of heated effluent from power plants may elevate water temperatures to only 2 to 6 °C higher than ambient, this study explored if temperatures within this range affected MMR and NER-linked damage detection activities in fish embryos using zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo as a model organism. Exposure of early embryos at 10 h post fertilization (hpf) to a warmer temperature at + 4.5 °C for 30 min enhanced damage recognition activities targeting UV-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) and (6–4) photoproducts (6-4PPs) that distorted helical structures. Conversely, photolesions sensing activities were inhibited in 24 hpf mid-early embryos under the same stress conditions. A much higher temperature at + 8.5 °C imposed similar effects on UV damage detection. A mild heat stress at + 2.5 °C for 30 min, however, repressed both CPD and 6-4PP binding activities in 10 and 24 hpf embryos. Inhibition of damage recognition under mild heat stress impeded the overall NER capacity evidenced by a transcription-based repair assay. Warmer water temperatures at + 2.5 and + 4.5 °C also inhibited G-T mismatch binding activities in 10 and 24 hpf embryos, but G-T recognition was more sensitive to + 4.5 °C stress. Inhibition of G-T binding partially correlated with a downregulation of Sp1 transcription factor activity. Our results showed the potential of water temperature elevation within 2 to 4.5 °C to disturb DNA damage repair in fish at embryonic stages.

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Data availability

The data that support the findings reported in this article are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Funding

This work was financially supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan, the Republic of China, under grant number NSC 102–2313-B-019–017.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology and Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 202301, Taiwan

    Ganjai Vikram Paul, Agatha Cecilia Sihite & Todd Hsu

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  1. Ganjai Vikram Paul
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  2. Agatha Cecilia Sihite
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  3. Todd Hsu
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Contributions

GVP maintained zebrafish husbandry, collected zebrafish embryos, prepared zebrafish extracts, and performed electrophoretic mobility shift assay. ACS carried out heat exposure and performed DNA repair assay. TH determined the objective of study, designed all experiments, interpreted the data, and submitted the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Todd Hsu.

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Zebrafish embryos were stressed with different levels of warmer water temperatures according to the ethical guidelines of the Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) of National Taiwan Ocean University. The consent to participate and publish was approved by IACUC with an approval No. 101043.

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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Paul, G.V., Sihite, A.C. & Hsu, T. Susceptibility of DNA damage recognition activities linked to nucleotide excision and mismatch repair in zebrafish (Danio rerio) early and mid-early embryos to 2.5 to 4.5 °C heat stress. Fish Physiol Biochem 49, 515–527 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-023-01198-1

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