Abstract
The major goal of this study was to determine the effect of grape seed extract (GSE) on liver damage in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) that was caused by the consumption of dietary oxidized fish oil (OFO). Rainbow trout were fed six different experimental diets coded OX-GSE 0 (OFO diet), OX-GSE 1 (OFO and 0.1% GSE), OX-GSE 3 (OFO and 0.3% GSE), GSE 0 (fresh fish oil and 0.0% GSE), GSE 1 (fresh fish oil and 0.1% GSE), and GSE 3 (fresh fish oil and 0.3% GSE) for 30 days. The lowest % hepatosomatic index (HSI) result was calculated in fish fed with OX-GSE 0 and the highest HSI was determined in fish fed with GSE 1 diets (p < 0.05). Histopathologically, hydropic degeneration in hepatocytes significantly increased OX-GSE 0 and GSE 3 compared to GSE 1 diets (p < 0.05). Deposition of lipid droplets in hepatocytes was significantly increased in OX-GSE 0 and OX-GSE 3 groups than others (p < 0.05). Liver biochemistry parameters such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were significantly affected by OX and GSE treatments (p < 0.05). There were significant differences in alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) among the liver enzymes analyzed in serum in OX and GSE (p < 0.05), meanwhile no difference was observed in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) values between groups (p > 0.05). In conclusion, liver biochemistry and histopathology of rainbow trout consuming diets containing oxidized fish oil were negatively affected. However, it was determined that the supplementation of 0.1% GSE to the diet had a significant ameliorative role in these adverse effects.
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The authors would like to thank to Kastamonu University Central Research Laboratuvary for supporting about sample storage.
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The histopathologic sections in this project were prepared with a microtome provided by the infrastructure project to the Kastamonu University Scientific Research Projects (Project No: KÜ-BAP05/2021–1).
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All authors participated in the study’s design, interpretation of the findings and analysis of the data, and review of the manuscript. Osman Sabri Kesbic and Ümit Acar prepared oxidized fish oil and experimental ration. Funda Terzi, Osman Sabri Kesbiç, Huseyin Serkan Erol, Beste Demirci, and Süleyman Yıldırım carried out the animal experiments. Funda Terzi performed the histopathological analysis; Beste Demirci performed morphometric measurement; Huseyin Serkan Erol and Çağatay Salum carried out the biochemical analysis. All authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript.
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Terzi, F., Demirci, B., Acar, Ü. et al. Dietary effect of grape (Vitis vinifera) seed extract mitigates hepatic disorders caused by oxidized fish oil in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Fish Physiol Biochem 49, 441–454 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-023-01193-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-023-01193-6