Abstract
Two groups of the same batch of European seabass were used in an industrial-scale trial in sea cages in Vorios Evoikos, Greece. For about one month, one of the two cages was oxygenated by use of compressed air injected in seawater through an AirX frame (Oxyvision A/S, Norway) at 3.5 m depth, while oxygen concentration and temperature were monitored every 30 min. The liver, gut, and pyloric ceca samples were taken from fish of both groups for measurement of gene expression of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), and for histological analysis at the middle and end of the experiment. Real-time qPCR was performed with housekeeping genes ACTb, L17, and EF1a. The expression of PLA2 increased in pyloric caeca samples from the oxygenated cage, suggesting that aeration improved the absorption rate of dietary phospholipids (p < 0.05). Expression of HSL increased significantly in liver samples from the control cage, in comparison with the aerated cage (p < 0.05). Histological examination of sea bass samples revealed an increased fat accumulation in the hepatocytes of fish in the oxygenated cage. The results of the present study showed increased lipolysis induced by low DO levels in farmed sea bass in cages.
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Acknowledgments
We thank the manager of the farm of Zervas-Kyriazis A/S, Mr. Christos Zervas, for his help during the planning and execution of the trial. The authors thank Prof. Katerina Moutou, University of Thessaly, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology for fruitful discussion on gene expression analysis, and Dr. Ioanna Georga for reviewing the manuscript.
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This work was supported by European Commission through the research project “Oxygenation by efficient air diffusion system for aquaculture farms (cages and earthen ponds),” reference nr. 315412 in 7th Framework Programme. Research for SMEs.
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AG performed the analytical work, facilitated the research, and contributed to the final draft of the manuscript. EK performed the analytical work, facilitated the research, and contributed to the final draft of the manuscript. IEP analyzed the data and contributed to the final draft of the manuscript. AB conceived and performed the experiments, facilitated the research, and contributed to the final draft of the manuscript. PM run the experiment, analyzed the data, and wrote the original draft of the manuscript. All authors approved the final draft of this manuscript.
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All experimental protocols and methods were carried out following The Code of Ethics of the World Medical Association (Declaration of Helsinki) for animal experiments. We took samples from dead fish harvested following the routine procedures of the farm.
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Grimpampi, A., Kakaridi, E., Papadakis, I.E. et al. Oxygenation of European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) in cages through aeration and effect on lipid metabolism. Fish Physiol Biochem 49, 209–218 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-023-01174-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-023-01174-9