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Dietary supplementation of two indigenous Bacillus spp on the intestinal morphology, intestinal immune barrier and intestinal microbial diversity of Rhynchocypris lagowskii

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Abstract

This study evaluated the effects of dietary administration of two indigenous Bacillus (A: basal control diet; B: 0.15 g/kg of Bacillus subtilis; C: 0.1 g/kg of Bacillus subtilis and 0.05 g/kg of Bacillus licheniformis; D: 0.05 g/kg of Bacillus subtilis and 0.1 g/kg of Bacillus licheniformis; E: 0.15 g/kg of Bacillus licheniformis) on the digestive enzyme activities, intestinal morphology, intestinal immune and barrier-related genes relative expression levels, and intestinal flora of Rhynchocypris lagowskii. The results showed that the fold height, lamina propria width, and muscle layer thickness of midgut and hindgut in group C were significantly higher than that of group A (P < 0.05). The activities of protease, amylase, and lipase in group C were significantly higher than those of group A (P < 0.05). The relative expression levels of IL-1β and IL-8 in the intestine of group C were significantly downregulated, and the relative expression levels of IL-10 and TGF-β were significantly upregulated (P < 0.05). The relative expression levels of Claudin-2 in group A significantly increased and the relative expression levels of Claudin-4 in group A significantly reduced compared with other groups (P < 0.05). The relative expression levels of ZO-1 in groups C and D were significantly higher than those of other groups (P < 0.05). The Bacillus in the intestine of group C has the highest relative abundance among all groups. Overall, it can generally be concluded that dietary supplementation of indigenous Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis (group C) can improve the intestinal morphology, digestion, and absorption enzyme activities, enhance intestinal mucosal immunity and barrier function, and maintain the intestinal microbial balance of R. lagowskii.

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Data availability

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Funding

This research was supported by the Key Scientific and Technological Research and Development Program of Jilin Province (No. 20180201017NY), Jilin Province Education Department Science and Technology Project (JJKH20210370KJ).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China

    Xin-yu Lei, Dong-ming Zhang, Qiu-ju Wang, Gui-qin Wang, Yue-hong Li, Yu-rou Zhang, Men-nan Yu & Yu-ke Chen

  2. College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China

    Xin-yu Lei, Dong-ming Zhang, Qiu-ju Wang, Gui-qin Wang, Yu-rou Zhang, Men-nan Yu, Qi Yao, Yu-ke Chen & Zhi-xin Guo

  3. College of Life Science, Tonghua Normal University, Tonghua, 134001, Jilin, China

    Zhi-xin Guo

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Contributions

• Xin-yu Lei: Methodology, Investigation, Validation, Formal analysis, Writing-Original Draft.

• Dong-ming Zhang: Supervision, Resources. Conceptualization, Project administration, Funding acquisition.

• Qiu-Ju Wang: Supervision, Resources.

• Gui-qin Wang: Supervision, Resources.

• Yue-hong Li: Supervision, Resources.

• Yu-Rou Zhang: Validation.

• Meng-Nan Yu: Validation.

• Qi-Yao: Validation.

• Zhi-xin Guo: Conceptualization, Project administration, Funding acquisition.

• Yu-ke Chen: Conceptualization, Supervision, Resources, Project admi, Formal analysis, Writing-Original Draft.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Yu-ke Chen or Zhi-xin Guo.

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Lei, Xy., Zhang, Dm., Wang, Qj. et al. Dietary supplementation of two indigenous Bacillus spp on the intestinal morphology, intestinal immune barrier and intestinal microbial diversity of Rhynchocypris lagowskii. Fish Physiol Biochem 48, 1315–1332 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-022-01121-0

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