Abstract
This experiment was aimed to determine the possible beneficial effects of dietary ascorbic acid (AA) on hematological indices, immune responses, and antioxidative capacity of Oncorhynchus mykiss treated with antibiotic oxytetracycline (OTC). A total of 150 fish were divided evenly among five experimental groups (30 fish of each, in 3 replicates) receiving diets containing OTC (0 and 100 mg per kg fish weight) and AA (100, 200, 400, and 800 mg per kg fish diet) for 28 days. Treatments include group A or control (100 mg AA without OTC), group B (100 mg AA with OTC), group C (200 mg AA with OTC), group D (400 mg AA with OTC), and group E (800 mg AA with OTC). The results obtained showed that the hematological indices (red blood cells, white blood cells, hematocrit, hemoglobin, and neutrophils), immunological parameters (plasma lysozyme, plasma complement, and skin mucus alkaline phosphatase activities), and antioxidant enzymes activities (superoxide dismutase and catalase) were significantly decreased by OTC in O. mykiss fed control diet (P < 0.05). The results also revealed that OTC significantly increased the activity of biochemical enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase) in the plasma of O. mykiss fed control diet (P < 0.05). However, in comparison to the control diet, feeding fish with higher amounts of AA (400 and 800 mg/kg diet) significantly restored the hematological, immunological, and antioxidative responses in OTC-treated groups (p < 0.05). These findings show that the dietary supplementation of AA at 400 or 800 mg/kg diet is beneficial in relieving O. mykiss from OTC-induced oxidative stress and immunosuppression.
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Data availability
All data and materials used in the experiment are available and achievable upon request to the corresponding author Sina.javanmardi@ut.ac.ir.
Code availability
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The authors would like to sincerely thank Mr. Mahan Motamedian, Mr. Ghasem Mohammadi, and Dr. Hadi Poorbagher for their technical assistance.
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All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by Saeed Moradi, Sina Javanmardi, and Pooria Gholamzadeh. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Saeed Moradi and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Supervision and funding acquisition: Kamran Rezaei Tavabe.
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Moradi, S., Javanmardi, S., Gholamzadeh, P. et al. The ameliorative role of ascorbic acid against blood disorder, immunosuppression, and oxidative damage of oxytetracycline in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Fish Physiol Biochem 48, 201–213 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-022-01045-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-022-01045-9